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Wisconsin School Wellness Policies after Federal Legislation Change: Understanding Key Mechanisms of Policy Improvement
The Final Rule of the Healthy Hunger Free Kids Act, published in 2016, required school districts participating in the federal Child Nutrition Programs to update their local wellness policies to reflect the more stringent requirements effective June 30, 2017.Availability of Lower-Sodium School Lunches and the Association with Selection and Consumption among Elementary and Middle School Students
During 2010, the US Department of Agriculture updated the school meals standards, including three progressively decreasing sodium targets. The Target 1 standards went into effect in 2014, but during 2018, the US Department of Agriculture delayed the Target 2 standards until 2024 and eliminated the Target 3 standards citing concerns regarding the availability and acceptability of lower-sodium foods. In addition, there are currently no sugar standards, and it is unknown whether sugar is substituted for salt in lower-sodium school foods.Processed and Packed: How Refined Are the Foods That Children Bring to School for Snack and Lunch?
Increasing consumption of highly processed foods has been associated with adverse health outcomes among children. In the US, children consume up to half of their daily energy intake at school.Lunch on School Days in Canada: Examining Contributions to Nutrient and Food Group Intake and Differences across Eating Locations
Recent federal proposals in Canada have called for changes in the delivery and funding of school lunches. Yet little evidence has documented the nutritional quality of meals eaten by school children, which is needed to inform school lunch reforms.Updated Nutrition Standards Have Significantly Improved the Nutritional Quality of School Lunches and Breakfasts
Implementation of updated nutrition standards for school meals began during school year (SY) 2012-2013. The standards were designed to improve the nutritional quality of the meals and their consistency with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans.Pilot Evaluation of Aggregate Plate Waste as a Measure of Students’ School Lunch Consumption
Weighing an individual’s plate waste provides reliable estimates of food intake by physically weighing individual food components to the nearest gram before and after a meal. Weighing aggregate, school-level food waste may be an inexpensive and less time-consuming alternative. However, it has not been determined whether aggregate plate waste is an accurate measure of individually weighed plate waste.Impact of the Updated USDA School Meal Standards, Chef-Enhanced Meals, and the Removal of Flavored Milk on School Meal Selection and Consumption
In Fall 2012, updated US Department of Agriculture school meal standards went into effect and did not result in increased food waste overall. However, consumption of school foods, especially fruits and vegetables, remains low. Therefore, strategies to improve school meal consumption are necessary.Serving Breakfast Free to All Students and Type of Breakfast Serving Model Are Associated with Participation in the School Breakfast Program
Many students experience challenges participating in the School Breakfast Program (SBP) when breakfast is served before school in the cafeteria. Serving breakfast free to all students or offering innovative breakfast serving models, such as breakfast in the classroom (BIC), grab n’ go, or second chance breakfast, may encourage higher SBP participation rates.A Group Randomized Intervention Trial Increases Participation in the School Breakfast Program in 16 Rural High Schools in Minnesota
Breakfast consumption is associated with better diet quality and healthier weights, yet many adolescents miss breakfast. Nationally, 17.1% of students participate in the School Breakfast Program (SBP). Only 10% of high school students participate.School Lunch Entrées Before and After Implementation of the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010
The Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act (HHFKA) 2010 updated standards to increase the nutritional quality of school meals. Studies of HHFKA outcomes have focused primarily on fruit and vegetables, nutrient quality of whole meals, and plate waste.The Impact of 1 Year of Healthier School Food Policies on Students’ Diets During and Outside of the School Day
In 2012, Massachusetts implemented both the updated national school meal standards and comprehensive competitive food/beverage standards that closely align with current national requirements for school snacks.Eating School Meals Daily Is Associated with Healthier Dietary Intakes: The Healthy Communities Study
Research on the association between school meal consumption and overall dietary intake post-Healthy Hunger-Free Kids Act implementation is limited.State Laws Are Associated with School Lunch Duration and Promotion Practices
The changes in school meal programs stemming from the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010 have expanded interest in strategies that increase student participation in school lunch and reduce plate waste. However, it remains unclear what factors are associated with schools’ use of such strategies.Food Waste in the National School Lunch Program 1978-2015: A Systematic Review
Food waste studies have been used for more than 40 years to assess nutrient intake, dietary quality, menu performance, food acceptability, cost, and effectiveness of nutrition education in the National School Lunch Program (NSLP).Student Acceptance of Plain Milk Increases Significantly 2 Years after Flavored Milk Is Removed from School Cafeterias: An Observational Study
Previous studies document decreases in lunchtime milk consumption immediately after flavored milk is removed. Less is known about longer-term effects.Validity and Interrater Reliability of the Visual Quarter-Waste Method for Assessing Food Waste in Middle School and High School Cafeteria Settings
Measuring food waste (ie, plate waste) in school cafeterias is an important tool to evaluate the effectiveness of school nutrition policies and interventions aimed at increasing consumption of healthier meals. Visual assessment methods are frequently applied in plate waste studies because they are more convenient than weighing. The visual quarter-waste method has become a common tool in studies of school meal waste and consumption, but previous studies of its validity and reliability have used correlation coefficients, which measure association but not necessarily agreement.Development of the GREEN (Garden Resources, Education, and Environment Nexus) Tool: An Evidence-Based Model for School Garden Integration
Researchers have established the benefits of school gardens on students’ academic achievement, dietary outcomes, physical activity, and psychosocial skills, yet limited research has been conducted about how school gardens become institutionalized and sustained.Mixed-Methods Research in Nutrition and Dietetics
This work focuses on mixed-methods research (MMR) and is the 11th in a series exploring the importance of research design, statistical analysis, and epidemiologic methods as applied to nutrition and dietetics research. MMR research is an investigative technique that applies both quantitative and qualitative data. The purpose of this article is to define MMR; describe its history and nature; provide reasons for its use; describe and explain the six different MMR designs; describe sample selection; and provide guidance in data collection, analysis, and inference.Factors Influencing the Food Purchases of Early Care and Education Providers
With the majority of US children enrolled in some form of early care and education, the settings for early care and education represent a valuable opportunity to positively impact young children’s diets and their interactions with food. Little evidence exists on how early care and education providers make food purchasing and service decisions for this population of young children.A Validation Study of the Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Recall for Children, 2014 Version, at School Lunch
Obtaining valid and reliable estimates of usual dietary intake at a reasonable cost is a challenge in school-based nutrition research. The Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Recall for Children, 2014 version (ASA24 Kids-2014), a self-administered, computerized 24-hour dietary recall, offers improved feasibility over traditional interviewer-administered 24-hour recalls.Younger Elementary School Students Waste More School Lunch Foods than Older Elementary School Students
Children may not receive nutritional benefits from school lunch meals if they do not eat the foods served.The New Federal School Nutrition Standards and Meal Patterns: Early Evidence Examining the Influence on Student Dietary Behavior and the School Food Environment
The federally funded National School Breakfast Program and National School Lunch Program enable participating school districts to provide breakfast and lunch meals to children, either for free or at a reduced price depending on eligibility, or at full price.1 Children receive free or reduced-price meals in cases where they reside in homes with household income ≤1.30 or ≤1.85 of the federal income poverty guidelines, respectively.2 The meals must meet nutrition standards and meal patterns, which have evolved as nutrition knowledge has advanced over the years.School-Based Obesity-Prevention Policies and Practices and Weight-Control Behaviors among Adolescents
The promotion of healthy eating and physical activity within school settings is an important component of population-based strategies to prevent obesity; however, adolescents may be vulnerable to weight-related messages, as rapid development during this life stage often leads to preoccupation with body size and shape.A Systematic Review to Assess Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Interventions for Children and Adolescents across the Socioecological Model
Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption among children and adolescents is a determinant of childhood obesity. Many programs to reduce consumption across the socioecological model report significant positive results; however, the generalizability of the results, including whether reporting differences exist among socioecological strategy levels, is unknown. This systematic review aimed to examine the extent to which studies reported internal and external validity indicators defined by the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance (RE-AIM) model and assess reporting differences by socioecological level: Intrapersonal/interpersonal (Level 1), environmental/policy (Level 2), and multilevel (Combined Level).Eating School Lunch Is Associated with Higher Diet Quality among Elementary School Students
Few studies have assessed the dietary quality of children who eat meals from home compared with school meals according to the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans.
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