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The Adequacy of Habitual Dietary Fiber Intake in Individuals With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review
Dietary fiber may influence disease course in individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), yet there is a paucity of understanding of habitual fiber intakes.Associations between Diet, the Gut Microbiome, and Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production among Older Caribbean Latino Adults
Caribbean Latino adults have disproportionately high prevalence of chronic disease; however, underlying mechanisms are unknown. Unique gut microbiome profiles and relation to dietary quality may underlie health disparities.Nutrition Support and the Gastrointestinal Microbiota: A Systematic Review
Low microbial diversity or altered microbiota composition is associated with many disease states. In the treatment of many conditions, enteral (EN) or parenteral (PN) nutrition is frequently required.Microbiota Stability and Gastrointestinal Tolerance in Response to a High-Protein Diet with and without a Prebiotic, Probiotic, and Synbiotic: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial in Older Women
Higher protein intakes may help reduce sarcopenia and facilitate recovery from illness and injury in older adults. However, high-protein diets (HPDs) including animal-sourced foods may negatively perturb the microbiota, and provision of probiotics and prebiotics may mitigate these effects.Diet Affects the Gastrointestinal Microbiota and Health
Diet is recognized as a key environmental contributor to the structure and function of the human gastrointestinal microbiota. Indeed, a large body of research demonstrates that consumption of dietary fibers and prebiotics results in changes in the abundances of gut microbes, as well their production of short-chain fatty acids,1 which are linked to a range of health benefits.2 Research on the microbiota is also expanding beyond fibers and prebiotics to whole foods, dietary patterns, diet quality, eating behaviors, and food preparation methods.The Influence of Diet Interventions Using Whole, Plant Food on the Gut Microbiome: A Narrative Review
Dietary intake is a key determinant of gastrointestinal microbiota composition. Studies have considered the relationship between gut microbiota and dietary patterns. It is likely that certain plant foods that contain fiber and other bioactive matter may be more likely to drive microbial changes than others; however, study design and other factors can make interpretation of the literature difficult. Fifteen well-controlled, well-defined diet interventions published between 2008 and 2018 using whole, plant foods were evaluated for their influence on gut microbiota.Dietary Habits of 2- to 9-Year-Old American Children Are Associated with Gut Microbiome Composition
The human gut microbiome is recognized as an important determinant of human health, yet little is known about how dietary habits are related to the microbiome in post-weaned, pre-pubescent children.Probiotic Supplementation Has a Limited Effect on Circulating Immune and Inflammatory Markers in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
A main mechanism of action proposed for oral probiotic supplementation is immunomodulation, which is expected to impart health benefits in the host by influencing circulating immune and inflammatory factors. To date, the effectiveness of probiotic supplementation for immunomodulation in healthy adults without disease has not been evaluated in a systematic review.Gut Microbial Dysbiosis in the Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common functional digestive condition in the industrialized world. The gut microbiota plays a key role in disease pathogenesis.Nutrition Assessment in Crohn’s Disease using Anthropometric, Biochemical, and Dietary Indexes: A Narrative Review
Malnutrition is common in patients with Crohn’s disease and negatively influences immunity and quality of life. The optimal tools for nutrition assessment in patients with Crohn’s disease are not clearly defined and lead to variations in practice. With this review, we aimed to appraise the existing evidence for nutrition assessment of patients with Crohn’s disease compared with healthy controls and provide a comprehensive guide with relevant measures applicable to clinical practice. A literature search using Medline, Embase, and Scopus from inception to October 1, 2018, was conducted.The Impact of a 4-Week Low-FODMAP and mNICE Diet on Nutrient Intake in a Sample of US Adults with Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea
A diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAP) has gained increasing acceptance for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome but safety concerns have been raised regarding nutritional adequacy. Changes in nutrient intake during the elimination phase of the low-FODMAP diet remain predominantly unknown.Nutrient Intake, Diet Quality, and Diet Diversity in Irritable Bowel Syndrome and the Impact of the Low FODMAP Diet
Individuals with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) may modify their diet, which may pose nutritional risk. Further, some dietary approaches, such as a diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs), are restrictive and may contribute to nutritional inadequacy.Fecal Akkermansia muciniphila Is Associated with Body Composition and Microbiota Diversity in Overweight and Obese Women with Breast Cancer Participating in a Presurgical Weight Loss Trial
Akkermansia muciniphila (AM) is a gram-negative, mucin-degrading bacteria inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract associated with host phenotypes and disease states.Relationships among Dietary Intakes and Persistent Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Patients Receiving Enzyme Treatment for Genetic Sucrase-Isomaltase Deficiency
Sucrose-isomaltase deficiency (SID) remains underdiagnosed. Absent or reduced enzyme activity promotes diarrhea, abdominal bloating, and flatulence from undigested and malabsorbed disaccharides. Frequency and severity of gastrointestinal symptoms may be associated with the type of carbohydrates consumed.Colonic Mucosal Bacteria Are Associated with Inter-Individual Variability in Serum Carotenoid Concentrations
Relatively high serum carotenoid levels are associated with reduced risks of chronic diseases, but inter-individual variability in serum carotenoid concentrations is modestly explained by diet. The bacterial community in the colon could contribute to the bioaccessibility of carotenoids by completing digestion of plant cells walls and by modulating intestinal permeability.Associations between Both Lignan and Yogurt Consumption and Cardiovascular Risk Parameters in an Elderly Population: Observations from a Cross-Sectional Approach in the PREDIMED Study
The study of dietary patterns is gaining interest. Although the health benefits of yogurt and lignans have been investigated separately, to our knowledge there are no studies on their associative effects.Dietary Changes Impact the Gut Microbe Composition in Overweight and Obese Men with Prostate Cancer Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy
Diet and obesity influence prostate cancer risk and progression–effects that may be mediated through the gut microbiome.Using the Human Gastrointestinal Microbiome to Personalize Nutrition Advice: Are Registered Dietitian Nutritionists Ready for the Opportunities and Challenges?
Knowledge of the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiome, including its metabolic potential, provides the opportunity for registered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs) to offer more personalized nutrition advice for our clients. The GI microbiome is the entire community of microbes, which includes bacteria that live within the GI tract. In GI conditions, an opportunity may exist to reduce symptom severity by manipulating the bacteria present in the gut. In metabolic conditions, individual features of the microbiome may explain why individuals respond differently to standardized nutritional interventions.Understanding the Physics of Functional Fibers in the Gastrointestinal Tract: An Evidence-Based Approach to Resolving Enduring Misconceptions about Insoluble and Soluble Fiber
Enduring misconceptions about the physical effects of fiber in the gut have led to misunderstandings about the health benefits attributable to insoluble and soluble fiber. This review will focus on isolated functional fibers (eg, fiber supplements) whose effects on clinical outcomes have been readily assessed in well-controlled clinical studies. This review will also focus on three health benefits (cholesterol lowering, improved glycemic control, and normalizing stool form [constipation and diarrhea]) for which reproducible evidence of clinical efficacy has been published.Self-Perceived Food Intolerances Are Common and Associated with Clinical Severity in Childhood Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Adults with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) frequently identify foods as exacerbating their gastrointestinal symptoms. In children with IBS, the prevalence of perceived food intolerances and their impact are unknown.Specialized Oral Diet Improved Clinical Outcome of a Patient with Severe Intestinal Insufficiency in a Late Postoperative Period: A Case Report in Clinical Nutrition
The current concept of intestinal insufficiency has been defined as the reduction of gut absorptive function that does not require intravenous supplementation to maintain health and/or growth.1 Patients with intestinal insufficiency can be functionally classified on the basis of onset, metabolic, and expected outcomes criteria.1The Specific Carbohydrate Diet for Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Case Series
The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is thought to be multifactorial, involving a genetically susceptible individual being exposed to a yet-to-be identified environmental trigger or set of triggers. There is growing evidence that IBD may be a disease of Westernization associated with diets high in refined sugars; bread and cereals; proteins, especially dairy; and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids acquired from highly processed seed oils. However, the evidence is often low quality, conflicting, and inconclusive.Nutrition Management of Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Guideline from an Expert Panel
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by a core deficit in social communication with concomitant repetitive/perseverative behaviors and restriction in interests,1 and individuals with ASD experience varying degrees of impairment.2 The estimated prevalence of ASD in pediatric populations has climbed dramatically during the past decade, with approximately 1 in every 68 children currently meeting diagnostic criteria in the United States.3 High prevalence occurs against a backdrop of increased health care costs4 and social burden.The Gluten-Free Labeling Rule: What Registered Dietitian Nutritionists Need to Know to Help Clients with Gluten-Related Disorders
On August 5, 2013, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) published the final rule on gluten-free labeling.1 This rule defines the claim gluten-free when voluntarily used on food labels. The rule went into effect on September 4, 2013, and had a compliance date of August 5, 2014. All products labeled on or after August 5, 2014, bearing a gluten-free claim on product packaging that fall under the labeling jurisdiction of the FDA must be in compliance. Consumers and registered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs) should be mindful that products labeled before the compliance date may be on store shelves for a period of time.Habitual Yogurt Consumption and Health-Related Quality of Life: A Prospective Cohort Study
Health-related quality of life (HRQL) is a global indicator of perceived health status, which includes physical and mental domains. Several biological mechanisms might support an association between consumption of yogurt and better HRQL.
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