In this issue of the Journal, Lopez-Romero and colleagues reported the physiological effects of ingestion of the native Mexican cactus plant (nopal, Opuntia ficus indica) on selected metabolic parameters in both healthy Mexicans and those with type 2 diabetes.1 This research editorial will discuss four topics of interest in the area of native and cultural foods: the central role they play in immigrant diets, the effect of decreased intake with globalization and acculturation, the value of identifying key foods that may contribute to a healthy lifestyle within a culture, and the need for carefully conducted studies of native cultural foods to provide evidence-based findings in the area of alternative and complementary nutrition.