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Evaluation of Diet Quality Among American Adult Cancer Survivors: Results From 2005-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Diet quality among adult cancer survivors is low, and there is minimal information on the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 score, a measure of diet quality and adherence to the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, in this population.The Efficacy of Dietary Fiber in Managing Gastrointestinal Toxicity Symptoms in Patients with Gynecologic Cancers undergoing Pelvic Radiotherapy: A Systematic Review
Pelvic radiotherapy is a common part of treatment used in gynecologic malignancies. The side effects associated with treatment, such as gastrointestinal toxicity, can be acute and chronic. Previous studies have provided little clarity in regard to the best dietary intervention for management of symptoms.Self-Reported Changes and Perceived Barriers to Healthy Eating and Physical Activity among Global Breast Cancer Survivors: Results from an Exploratory Online Novel Survey
Despite being motivated to improve nutrition and physical activity behaviors, cancer survivors are still burdened by suboptimal dietary intake and low levels of physical activity.Taste Function in Adults Undergoing Cancer Radiotherapy or Chemotherapy, and Implications for Nutrition Management: A Systematic Review
Taste changes are commonly reported by people with cancer undergoing radio- or chemotherapy. Taste changes may compromise dietary intake and nutritional status.Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Overall Cancer Incidence: The Netherlands Cohort Study
Mediterranean diet adherence has been associated with reduced risks of various cancer types. However, prospective findings for overall cancer risk are inconclusive.Chocolate Candy and Incident Invasive Cancer Risk in the Women’s Health Initiative: An Observational Prospective Analysis
Laboratory and animal studies suggest an inverse association between chocolate consumption and the risk of cancer. Epidemiological studies have yielded inconsistent evidence.The Association Between Computed Tomography–Defined Sarcopenia and Outcomes in Adult Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy of Curative Intent for Head and Neck Cancer: A Systematic Review
Computed tomography (CT)-defined sarcopenia is a demonstrated poor prognostic factor in patients with cancer; however, its influence on outcomes for patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) has not been established.Head and Neck Cancer Survivors’ Experiences with Chronic Nutrition Impact Symptom Burden after Radiation: A Qualitative Study
Head and neck cancer (HNC) survivors may face an array of nutrition impact symptoms (NIS), including dysphagia, xerostomia, taste alterations, and difficulty chewing, which occur as a result of tumor location and treatment with radiation. Few qualitative studies have assessed the chronic impact of NIS on everyday life.Outcome Expectancies, Health Information Seeking, and Cancer Beliefs Associated with Multivitamin/Mineral Use in a National Sample, HINTS-FDA 2015
Dietary supplements, including multivitamins/minerals, are commonly reported by adults, yet little is known about multivitamin/mineral use in relation to information seeking, cancer-specific outcome expectancies, and cancer beliefs.Evaluating the Validity of a Food Frequency Questionnaire in Comparison with a 7-Day Dietary Record for Measuring Dietary Intake in a Population of Survivors of Colorectal Cancer
Food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) are a commonly used method to assess dietary intake in epidemiological studies. It is important to evaluate the validity of FFQs in the population of interest.Efficacy of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) in Ameliorating Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting and Chemotherapy-Related Outcomes: A Systematic Review Update and Meta-Analysis
Ginger has been proposed as an adjuvant treatment for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.Soy, Soy Isoflavones, and Protein Intake in Relation to Mortality from All Causes, Cancers, and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies
We conducted a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of prospective studies to summarize findings on the associations between intakes of soy, soy isoflavones, and soy protein and risk of mortality from all causes, cancers, and cardiovascular diseases.A Nested Case–Control Study on Plasma Vitamin E and Risk of Cancer: Evidence of Effect Modification by Selenium
Evidence from epidemiologic studies has been inconsistent regarding the role of vitamin E in cancer incidence risk.Feasibility Outcomes of a Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial to Increase Cruciferous and Green Leafy Vegetable Intake in Posttreatment Head and Neck Cancer Survivors
Higher intakes of cruciferous vegetables (CVs) and green leafy vegetables (GLVs) in observational studies are associated with improvements in survival and cancer-related biomarkers in patients diagnosed with head and neck cancer (HNC). These results have yet to be corroborated in a randomized clinical trial (RCT).Fecal Akkermansia muciniphila Is Associated with Body Composition and Microbiota Diversity in Overweight and Obese Women with Breast Cancer Participating in a Presurgical Weight Loss Trial
Akkermansia muciniphila (AM) is a gram-negative, mucin-degrading bacteria inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract associated with host phenotypes and disease states.Translating Mechanism-Based Strategies to Break the Obesity−Cancer Link: A Narrative Review
Prevalence of obesity, an established risk factor for many cancers, has increased dramatically over the past 50 years in the United States and across the globe. Relative to normoweight cancer patients, obese cancer patients often have poorer prognoses, resistance to chemotherapies, and are more likely to develop distant metastases. Recent progress on elucidating the mechanisms underlying the obesity−cancer connection suggests that obesity exerts pleomorphic effects on pathways related to tumor development and progression and, thus, there are multiple opportunities for primary prevention and treatment of obesity-related cancers.Closing the Gap in Nutrition Care at Outpatient Cancer Centers: Ongoing Initiatives of the Oncology Nutrition Dietetic Practice Group
Lack of access to nutrition care in outpatient cancer centers is a critical issue in the US health care system. It is well documented that malnutrition adversely affects key outcomes, including morbidity and mortality, as well as hospitalizations, readmissions, and other variables that may increase cost of oncology care.1-4 Based upon this evidence, the Oncology Nutrition Dietetic Practice Group (ON DPG), a practice group of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (Academy), formulated a strategic plan to address nutrition-related gaps in cancer care.Reliability of Patient-Led Screening with the Malnutrition Screening Tool: Agreement between Patient and Health Care Professional Scores in the Cancer Care Ambulatory Setting
The prevalence of malnutrition in patients with cancer is reported as high as 60% to 80%, and malnutrition is associated with lower survival, reduced response to treatment, and poorer functional status. The Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST) is a validated tool when administered by health care professionals; however, it has not been evaluated for patient-led screening.Effects of the Ser326Cys Polymorphism in the DNA Repair OGG1 Gene on Cancer, Cardiovascular, and All-Cause Mortality in the PREDIMED Study: Modulation by Diet
Oxidatively induced DNA damage, an important factor in cancer etiology, is repaired by oxyguanine glycosylase 1 (OGG1). The lower repair capacity genotype (homozygote Cys326Cys) in the OGG1-rs1052133 (Ser326Cys) polymorphism has been associated with cancer risk. However, no information is available in relation to cancer mortality, other causes of death, and modulation by diet.The Mediterranean Diet, the OGG1 Gene, and Disease Risk: Early Evidence
The relationship between European food and fat consumption trends and coronary heart disease, cancer, stroke, and all-cause mortality has increasingly gained public health attention.1-3 This increase in attention began with early ecological evidence suggesting a positive association between a Mediterranean-type dietary pattern and health compared to dietary patterns with low intake of olive oil.1-3 The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) pattern is not a single dietary pattern, but rather a variation of rural Mediterranean Basin dietary patterns that traditionally share some commonalities.Prevalence and Predictors of Low Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D among Female African-American Breast Cancer Survivors
African-American breast cancer survivors commonly demonstrate low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D). Decreased cutaneous conversion, high levels of adiposity, and even breast cancer treatment may influence vitamin D status. Previous investigations have analyzed African-American women in aggregate with other breast cancer survivors and have not comprehensively addressed these influential factors.Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of a Home Vegetable Gardening Intervention among Older Cancer Survivors Shows Feasibility, Satisfaction, and Promise in Improving Vegetable and Fruit Consumption, Reassurance of Worth, and the Trajectory of Central Adiposity
Holistic approaches are sought to improve lifestyle behaviors and health of cancer survivors long term.Nutrition and Cancer Research: Resources for the Nutrition and Dietetics Practitioner
This issue focuses on issues in the intersection of nutrition science and cancer prevention research. In this commentary, we provide a high-level orientation for readers to nutrition and cancer. We begin by reviewing the burden of cancer, which has necessitated public policy recommending improvements to diet for the prevention of cancer in the United States, although this is true of many other countries as well. These policy recommendations are based on a critical review of scientific evidence linking diet and cancer.Diet Quality, Inflammation, and Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Pilot Study Data
Modifiable lifestyle factors, such as diet quality, could reduce inflammation and improve quality of life (QOL) in breast cancer survivors, but data are inconclusive.Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity as Risk Factors for Pancreatic Cancer
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is among the deadliest types of cancer. The worldwide estimates of its incidence and mortality in the general population are eight cases per 100,000 person-years and seven deaths per 100,000 person-years, and they are significantly higher in the United States than in the rest of the world. The incidence of this disease in the United States is more than 50,000 new cases in 2017. Indeed, total deaths due to PDAC are projected to increase dramatically to become the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths before 2030.
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