Abstract
Background
The increasing consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) may be a result of the
environmental influences to which adolescents are exposed and/or habits acquired since
childhood through family interactions.
Objective
Our aim was to investigate whether type of school administration (public or private),
eating habits, and screen time are associated with the percentage caloric contribution
of UPFs to total kilocalories consumed by Brazilian adolescents.
Design
A cross-sectional secondary analysis of the Study of Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents
(ERICA) performed between March 2013 and December 2014.
Participants/setting
Overall, 71,553 adolescents from 1,247 public and private schools in 124 Brazilian
cities (with a population of more than 100,000) were included.
Main outcome measures
We measured the percentage caloric contribution of UPFs to the total kilocalories
consumed, obtained using one 24-hour food recall.
Statistical analyses performed
Generalized linear models were used, guided by the hierarchical model. Sample complexity
was considered using the Stata svy command, with a significance level of 5%.
Results
Overall, UPFs contributed an average of 28% (95% CI, 27.80%-28.15%) of total energy
intake. Based on the final multivariate analysis, a significantly higher UPF diet
was observed among adolescents from private schools (P < .001), those who do not consume meals offered by schools (P < .001), those who do not eat breakfast regularly (P < .05), those who eat in front of screens almost every day or every day (P < .001), and those who spend more time in front of screens (P < .001).
Conclusions
The findings of this study indicate that UPF consumption is associated with school
type, eating habits, and screen time among Brazilian adolescents.
Keywords
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Biography
L. L. Rocha is a Master in the Pediatrics Department, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Biography
L. H. Almeida Gratão is a PhD student in Child and Adolescent Health, Medicine School of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Biography
A. Silva do Carmo is a PhD in the Ministry of Health, Brasília, Brazil.
Biography
A. B. Pereira Costa is a PhD student in Public Health, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Biography
C. de Freitas Cunha is a full professor, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Biography
T. Resende Prado Rangel de Oliveira is an adjunct professor in the Nutrition Course, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Biography
L. Loures Mendes is an adjunct professor, Department of Nutrition, School of Nursing, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Article info
Publication history
Published online: January 28, 2021
Accepted:
December 8,
2020
Received:
April 2,
2020
Footnotes
STATEMENT OF POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
FUNDING/SUPPORT This project was funded by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Brasília, Brazil (grant 442851/2019-7).
Identification
Copyright
© 2021 by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.
