Abstract
Background
Emerging research indicates that eating timing may influence dietary intake and metabolic
health. However, studies to date have not examined the association of multiple measures
of eating timing with both dietary intake and metabolic health in adults with overweight
and obesity.
Objective
To examine the association of multiple measures of eating timing with dietary intake
(ie, dietary composition, diet quality, and eating frequency) and metabolic health
(ie, body composition and cardiometabolic risk).
Design
This is a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from a weight loss and maintenance
intervention collected from May 2015 to January 2018.
Participants/setting
Participants were women with overweight or obesity who were dependents of active duty
and retired military personnel (N = 229; mean ± standard error, BMI = 34.7 ± 0.4 kg/m2, age = 40.9 ± 0.7 years). The study was conducted at military installations in Massachusetts,
Connecticut, New York, Colorado, and Kentucky.
Main outcome measures
Eating timing variables examined included daily eating interval (time between first
and last eating occasion), time-restricted eating (≤11 hours daily eating interval),
early energy eaters (eating ≥60% of energy during the first half of time awake), and
bedtime eaters (eating within 2 hours of bedtime).
Statistical analysis
The main analysis was limited to those reporting plausible energy intake (64% of total
sample [n = 146]). Linear, quantile, or logistic regression models were used to determine
the association of eating timing with measures of dietary intake and metabolic health.
Results
In individuals reporting plausible energy intake, each additional 1 hour in daily
eating interval was associated with 53 kcal higher energy intake, higher glycemic
load, eating frequency, and waist circumference (P < 0.05 for all). Significant associations were observed for: time-restricted eating
and a lower energy intake, glycemic load, and eating frequency; early energy eating
and higher carbohydrate intake; bedtime eating and a higher energy intake, glycemic
load, and eating frequency.
Conclusions
These findings lend support for the mechanistic targeting of eating timing in behavioral
interventions aimed at improving dietary intake and body composition.
Keywords
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Biography
A. Taetzch is a clinical assistant professor, Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH; at the time of the study, she was a senior research dietitian, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA.
Biography
S. B. Roberts is lab director and a senior scientist, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA.
Biography
A. Bukhari is a research dietitian, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Military Nutrition Division, Natick MA.
Biography
A. H. Lichtenstein is Gershoff Professor of Nutrition Science and Policy and the director, Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA.
Biography
C. H. Gilhooly is manager, Metabolic Research Unit and Dietary Assessment Unit, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA.
Biography
E. Martin is graduate fellowship manager, School of Health Sciences, Merrimack College, North Andover, MA; at the time of the study, he was a senior research coordinator, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA.
Biography
A. Krauss is a senior research dietitian, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA.
Biography
A. Hatch-McChesy is a research dietitian, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Military Nutrition Division, Natick, MA.
Biography
S. K. Das is a scientist I, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA.
Article info
Publication history
Published online: November 10, 2020
Accepted:
October 6,
2020
Received:
October 10,
2019
Footnotes
STATEMENT OF POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
The opinions or assertions contained herein are the private views of the authors and are not to be construed as official or as reflecting the views of the Army or the Department of Defense. Any citations of commercial organizations and trade names in this report do not constitute an official Department of the Army endorsement of approval of the products or services of these organizations
FUNDING/SUPPORT Funded by the US Department of Defense (W81XWH-14-2-0005:13035001).
Identification
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© 2021 by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.
