Abstract
Background
Scant research has examined whether laboratory assessments of eating in the absence
of hunger (EAH) relates to long-term diet quality.
Objective
This study investigates the association of EAH with diet quality during pregnancy.
Design
Pregnancy diet quality was assessed using 24-hour diet recalls collected in each pregnancy
trimester. EAH was assessed in a counterbalanced, crossover laboratory feeding substudy
in which participants completed two free access eating occasions following a standardized
meal during their second pregnancy trimester.
Participants/setting
Data were collected from March 2015 to December 2016 from a subsample of participants
(n = 46) enrolled at ≤12 weeks’ gestation in an observational, prospective cohort
study (the Pregnancy Eating Attributes Study) in North Carolina.
Intervention
Participants were presented with highly processed (HP) and minimally processed (MP)
foods in two separate assessments.
Main outcome measures
Scores for total Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) and adherence to adequacy and
moderation components were calculated from the diet recalls. Higher scores reflect
better diet quality.
Statistical analyses performed
Linear regressions estimated associations of pregnancy diet quality with EAH (energy,
EAH-kcal; and percent offered, EAH-%) in each condition for all foods, and separately
for sweet and savory foods.
Results
Lower pregnancy diet quality (all indicators) was associated with greater EAH (EAH-kcal
and EAH-%) of all foods and sweet foods in the HP condition. Each 100-kcal increase
in EAH of HP foods was associated with a 2- to 3-point decrease (standard error =
0.7 to 0.8) in HEI-2015 (P < 0.01); each 10% increase in EAH of HP foods was associated with a 5- to 7-point
decrease (standard error = 2.0) in HEI-2015 (P < 0.01). Greater EAH (energy and percent offered) of savory food intake in the HP
condition was associated with a lower HEI-2015 adequacy component score, but was not
associated with the HEI-2015 or HEI-2015 moderation component scores. EAH in the MP
condition was not associated with pregnancy diet quality.
Conclusions
Greater EAH of HP, especially sweet, foods was related to worse pregnancy diet quality.
Consuming HP sweets after meal termination may reflect a tendency for eating beyond
satiation and may be a useful intervention target for improving maternal diet quality.
Keywords
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Biography
L. M. Lipsky is a staff scientist, Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child health and Human Development, Bethesda MD.
Biography
K. Burger is an assistant professor, Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill.
Biography
M. S. Faith is a professor, Department of Counseling, School, and Educational Psychology, University at Buffalo Graduate School of Education, Buffalo, NY.
Biography
G. E. Shearrer is an assistant professor, Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill.
Biography
T. Nansel is a senior investigator, Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD.
Article info
Publication history
Published online: November 03, 2020
Accepted:
September 22,
2020
Received:
September 18,
2019
Footnotes
STATEMENT OF POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
FUNDING/SUPPORT This research was supported by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Intramural Research Program (contract #HHSN275201300015C and #HHSN275201300026I/HHSN27500002).
This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02217462, on August 13, 2014.
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS T. Nansel provided study oversight; all authors designed the research; K. Burger conducted the research; L. Lipsky performed statistical analysis and wrote the manuscript; all authors revised critically; and L. Lipsky, T. Nansel, and K. Burger had primary responsibility for final content. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Identification
Copyright
© 2021 by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.
