Abstract
Background
Dried fruits are shelf-stable alternatives to fresh fruit that avert common barriers
to consuming fruit. Consumption of dried fruits may facilitate greater fruit consumption
and contribute to better diet quality and nutrient intakes.
Objective
Our aims were to assess differences in diet quality and cardiometabolic health between
dried fruit consumers and nonconsumers, and evaluate differences in nutrient intakes
on days when dried fruits were consumed vs not consumed.
Design
This is a cross-sectional analysis of data from the National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey 2007-2016.
Participants/setting
Mean dried fruit intakes were estimated in adults 20 years and older (n = 25,590)
who completed a dietary recall. Dried fruit consumers (one-quarter cup-equivalent/day
or more) were defined in respondents with 2 complete dietary recalls (n = 22,311).
Within-person differences in nutrient intakes were assessed in respondents who consumed
dried fruit on 1 of 2 dietary recalls (n = 1,233).
Main outcome measures
Cardiometabolic risk factors, diet quality scored using the Healthy Eating Index 2015,
and nutrient intakes were assessed.
Statistical analyses
Diet quality and cardiometabolic health were compared in consumers vs nonconsumers
using multivariate linear regression, adjusted for demographic and lifestyle factors.
Within-person differences in nutrient intakes on days when dried fruits were consumed
vs not were assessed using multivariate linear regression.
Results
Mean ± standard error dried fruit intake was 0.04 ± 0.001 cup-equivalents and represented
3.7% of total fruit consumed. Consumers (7.2% of adults) had higher quality diets
than nonconsumers (mean ± standard error Healthy Eating Index 2015 score = 60.6 ±
0.5 vs 52.6 ± 0.3; P < 0.001) and lower mean body mass index, waist circumference, and systolic blood
pressure (P < 0.01). Total carbohydrate, dietary fiber, potassium, and polyunsaturated fat intakes
were greater on days when dried fruits were consumed vs not consumed (P < 0.001). Total calorie intakes were also greater (208-215 kcal; P ≤ 0.002) when dried fruits were consumed.
Conclusions
Dried fruit consumption is associated with higher diet quality and greater intakes
of underconsumed nutrients. However, dried fruits do not appear to displace other
calorie sources on days when consumed.
Keywords
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Biography
V. K. Sullivan is a graduate research assistant, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park.
Biography
M. Na is an assistant professor, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park.
Biography
D. N. Proctor is a professor of kinesiology, physiology, and medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park.
Biography
P. M. Kris-Etherton is a distinguished professor of nutrition, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park.
Biography
K. S. Petersen is an assistant research professor, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park.
Article Info
Publication History
Published online: October 28, 2020
Accepted:
August 21,
2020
Received:
April 6,
2020
Footnotes
STATEMENT OF POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST P. M. Kris-Etherton was the principal investigator on a grant funded by the INC International Nut & Dried Fruit Council and the California Dried Plum Board.
FUNDING/SUPPORT There is no funding to disclose. Analyses and manuscript preparation were performed as part of dissertation research supported by the Department of Nutritional Sciences at The Pennsylvania State University.
Identification
Copyright
© 2021 by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.
