Abstract
Background
Biological and epidemiological evidence supports an inverse association of phenolic
acids with obesity-related chronic diseases. However, no previous study has prospectively
evaluated the relationship between subclasses and individual compounds of phenolic
acids and the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer, one of the most important and
prevalent obesity-related cancer sites.
Objective
This study examined associations between subclasses of phenolic acids, including hydroxycinnamic
and hydroxybenzoic acids intake, and risk of breast cancer.
Design
The Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) Project is a dynamic, permanently open
prospective cohort which started in 1999.
Participants/setting
Participants were 10,812 middle-aged women. All of them were university graduates.
Main outcome measures
Usual diet was assessed at baseline and after 10 years of follow-up with a 136-item
food frequency questionnaire. Phenolic acid intake was calculated by matching food
consumption with the Phenol-Explorer database on phenolic acids content of each reported
food item.
Statistical analysis performed
Participants were classified according to tertiles of subclasses or individual compounds
of phenolic acids. Cox regression models were fitted to estimate multivariable-adjusted
hazard ratios and 95% CIs for breast cancer incidence.
Results
Over an average of 11.8 years of follow-up, 101 incident cases of breast cancer were
confirmed. After multivariable adjustment, an inverse association between hydroxycinnamic
acids intake and breast cancer was observed (hazard ratio third tertile vs first tertile
0.37, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.85; P for trend=0.029) among postmenopausal women. Specifically, chlorogenic acids (3-,
4-, and 5- caffeoylquinic acids) showed the strongest inverse association (hazard
ratio third tertile vs first tertile 0.33, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.78; P for trend=0.012).
Conclusions
A higher intake of hydroxycinnamic acids, especially from chlorogenic acids—present
in coffee, fruits, and vegetables—was associated with a lower incidence of breast
cancer among postmenopausal women. Future observational studies are needed to corroborate
these results.
Keywords
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Biography
A. Romanos-Nanclares is a registered dietitian and PhD student, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Spain, and Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.
Biography
C. Sánchez-Quesada is a PhD, Immunology Division, Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain.
Biography
I. Gardeazábal is a Medical Doctor and PhD, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Spain, and in the Department of Oncology, University of Navarra Clinic, Navarra, Spain.
Biography
M. A. Martínez-González is chair, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Navarra, Spain, Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain, and an adjunct professor, Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
Biography
A. Gea is assistant professor, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Navarra, Spain, Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain, and Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.
Biography
E. Toledo is associate professor, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Navarra, Spain, Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain, and Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.
Article info
Publication history
Published online: January 22, 2020
Accepted:
November 7,
2019
Received:
June 6,
2019
Footnotes
Supplementary materials: Figure 2 and Tables 4 and Table 6 are available at www.jandonline.org
STATEMENT OF POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
FUNDING/SUPPORT The SUN Project has received funding from the Spanish Government-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, and the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) (RD 06/0045, CIBER-OBN, Grants PI10/02658, PI10/02293, PI13/00615, PI14/01668, PI14/01798, PI14/01764, PI17/01795, and G03/140), the Navarra Regional Government (45/2011, 122/2014, 41/2016), and the University of Navarra.
Identification
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© 2020 by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.
