Abstract
Background
Limited information is available on added sugars consumption in US infants and toddlers.
Objectives
To present national estimates of added sugars intake among US infants and toddlers
by sociodemographic characteristics, to identify top sources of added sugars, and
to examine trends in added sugars intake.
Design
Cross-sectional analysis of 1 day of 24-hour dietary recall data.
Participants/setting
A nationally representative sample of US infants aged 0 to 11 months and toddlers
aged 12 to 23 months (n=1,211) during the period from 2011 through 2016 from the National
Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Trends were assessed from 2005-2006 through
2015-2016 (n=2,795).
Main outcome measures
Among infants and toddlers, the proportion consuming any added sugars, the average
amount of added sugars consumed, percent of total energy from added sugars, and top
sources of added sugars intake.
Statistical analysis
Paired t tests were used to compare differences by age, sex, race/Hispanic origin, family
income level, and head of household education level. Trends were tested using orthogonal
polynomials. Significance was set at P<0.05.
Results
During 2011 to 2016, 84.4% of infants and toddlers consumed added sugars on a given
day. A greater proportion of toddlers (98.3%) consumed added sugars than infants (60.6%).
The mean amount of added sugars toddlers consumed was also more compared with infants
(5.8 vs 0.9 tsp). Non-Hispanic black toddlers (8.2 tsp) consumed more added sugars
than non-Hispanic Asian (3.7 tsp), non-Hispanic white (5.3 tsp), and Hispanic (5.9
tsp) toddlers. A similar pattern was observed for percent energy from added sugars.
For infants, top sources of added sugars were yogurt, baby food snacks/sweets, and
sweet bakery products; top sources among toddlers were fruit drinks, sugars/sweets,
and sweet bakery products. The mean amount of added sugars decreased from 2005-2006
through 2015-2016 for both age groups; however, percent energy from added sugars only
decreased among infants.
Conclusion
Added sugars intake was observed among infants/toddlers and varied by age and race
and Hispanic origin. Added sugars intake, as a percent of energy, decreased only among
infants from 2005 to 2016.
Keywords
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Biography
K. A, Herrick is an epidemiologist, Division of Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, MD.
Biography
C. D. Fryer is a health statistician, Division of Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, MD.
Biography
C. L. Ogden is branch chief and epidemiologist, Division of Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, MD.
Biography
H. C. Hamner is a health scientist, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
Biography
S. Park is lead epidemiologist, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
Article info
Publication history
Published online: November 14, 2019
Accepted:
September 5,
2019
Received:
June 21,
2019
Footnotes
Supplementary materials: Podcast available at www.jandonline.org/content/podcast.
STATEMENT OF POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
FUNDING/SUPPORT This work was performed while the authors were employees of the US federal government and the authors did not receive any outside funding.
The findings and conclusions are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS K. A. Herrick conceptualized and designed the study, performed analyses, drafted the manuscript, and approved the final manuscript as submitted. C. D. Fryar performed analyses, reviewed and revised the manuscript, and approved the final manuscript as submitted. H. C. Hamner and S. Park reviewed and revised the manuscript, and approved the final manuscript as submitted. C. L. Ogden conceptualized and designed the study, reviewed and revised the manuscript, and approved the final manuscript as submitted.
Identification
Copyright
Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.
