Abstract
Background
Sleep disturbances and low-quality diets are prevalent among children in low-income
settings, yet the nature of their relationship remains unclear. In particular, whether
aspects other than sleep duration, including timing and quality, are associated with
dietary patterns has rarely been examined, especially among preschool-aged children.
Objective
To evaluate whether nightly and total sleep duration, sleep timing, differences in
timing and duration from weekdays to weekends, and sleep quality were related to dietary
patterns.
Design
A cross-sectional analysis of children attending preschool. Parents completed questionnaires
about children’s sleep habits as well as a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire.
Participants/setting
Three hundred fifty-four English-speaking children (49.9% boys) with no serious medical
conditions aged 3 to 5 years who were enrolled in Head Start in Michigan (2009-2011)
with complete information on sleep and diet.
Main outcome measures
Dietary pattern scores derived from food frequency questionnaire.
Statistical analyses performed
Principal component analysis was used to identify dietary patterns. Separate linear
regression models with dietary pattern scores as the dependent variable and continuous
sleep measures as independent variables were used to evaluate associations between
sleep and diet, adjusting for sex, age, parent education level, and sleep hygiene.
Results
Three dietary patterns were identified: Vegetables, Healthy Proteins, and Sides; Breads
and Spreads; and Processed and Fried. Longer average weekend sleep duration and a
greater difference in weekend-to-weekday sleep duration was related to lower Vegetables,
Healthy Proteins, and Sides pattern scores. Later sleep midpoint during weekdays was
related to lower Vegetables, Healthy Proteins, and Sides pattern scores, whereas later
sleep midpoint on the weekend was associated with higher Processed and Fried pattern
scores. Similarly, a larger weekend–weekday midpoint difference was associated with
higher Processed and Fried pattern scores.
Conclusions
Later sleep timing and differences in sleep duration and timing from weekends to weekdays
were related to less-optimal dietary pattern scores in young children.
Keywords
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Biography
E. C. Jansen is a research assistant professor, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor.
Biography
K. E. Peterson is a professor and chair, Department of Nutritional Sciences, and a professor, Global Public Health, University of Michigan School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
Biography
J. C. Lumeng is a professor of pediatrics and communicable diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, a professor, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health; and a research professor, Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
Biography
N. Kaciroti is a research scientist, Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
Biography
M. K. LeBourgeois is an associate professor, University of Colorado-Boulder, Ann Arbor.
Biography
K. Chen is a research assistant, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor.
Biography
A. L. Miller is an associate professor, Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, and a research associate professor, Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
Article info
Publication history
Published online: March 14, 2019
Accepted:
January 9,
2019
Received:
January 10,
2018
Footnotes
STATEMENT OF POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
FUNDING/SUPPORT National Institutes of Health grant 1RC1DK086376 funded the study. E. C. Jansen was supported by a T32 grant from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (no. 5T32DK071212-12).
Identification
Copyright
© 2019 by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.
