Abstract
Background
Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a chronic inflammatory autoimmune
disease, have an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. Environmental
factors like diet and nutrition are known to play a key role in modulating inflammation
and the prognosis of cardiovascular diseases.
Objective
To investigate the relationship between Dietary Inflammatory Index score and cardiovascular
disease risk markers in a population of women with SLE.
Design
A cross-sectional study was conducted in women with SLE recruited from 2016 through 2017.
Participants/settings
Clinically stable women with SLE were enrolled from three public hospitals in the
Andalusian region of Spain. Participants with chronic renal failure, active infections,
recent trauma, pregnancy, and/or other autoimmune diseases were excluded.
Main outcome measures
A 24-hour diet recall was used to estimate Dietary Inflammatory Index score and physical
activity was assessed through the International Physical Activity Questionnaires.
Cardiovascular disease risk markers included blood lipid profile (total cholesterol,
high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride
levels), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels, and homocysteine levels, along
with diagnosis of obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and ankle-brachial
index measurement.
Statistical analysis
Comparisons of cardiovascular disease risk markers across Dietary Inflammatory Index
score tertiles were analyzed through a one-way analysis of variance and linear regressions
adjusting for age, physical activity level, and medical treatment.
Results
A total of 105 women (aged 45.4±12.8 years) were included. Linear regression analysis
revealed that Dietary Inflammatory Index score was significantly associated with total
cholesterol levels (β=.26, 95% CI 1.66 to 14.28; P=0.014) after adjusting for age, physical activity, and the use of medical treatment.
No significant associations were observed between Dietary Inflammatory Index score
and the other cardiovascular markers considered.
Conclusions
Higher inflammatory potential of the diet was positively associated with higher total
cholesterol levels in women with SLE. These findings suggest that the inflammatory
potential of a person’s diet may play a role in lipid profiles in this population.
Future intervention studies are needed to build on these results and explore the effect
of anti-inflammatory diets on health outcomes in individuals with SLE.
Keywords
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Biography
G. Pocovi-Gerardino is a predoctoral fellow, Public Health and Clinic Medicine PhD program, University of Granada, Granada, Spain, and the Biosanitary Research Institute, Granada, Spain.
Biography
M. Correa-Rodríguez is an associate professor, Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain, and the Biosanitary Research Institute, Granada, Spain.
Biography
J.-L. Callejas-Rubio is a medical doctor, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain, and the Biosanitary Research Institute, Granada, Spain.
Biography
R. Ríos-Fernández is a medical doctor, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain, and the Biosanitary Research Institute, Granada, Spain.
Biography
M. Martín-Amada is a medical doctor, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Complejo Hospitalario de Jaén, Jaén, Spain.
Biography
M.-G. Cruz-Caparros is a medical doctor, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Hospital de Poniente, El Ejido, Spain.
Biography
B. Rueda-Medina is a professor, Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain, and the Biosanitary Research Institute, Granada, Spain.
Biography
N. Ortego-Centeno is a professor, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; and a medical doctor, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain, and the Biosanitary Research Institute, Granada, Spain.
Article info
Publication history
Published online: September 03, 2019
Accepted:
June 7,
2019
Received:
October 5,
2018
Footnotes
STATEMENT OF POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
FUNDING/SUPPORT This study was supported by grant PI0523-2016 from Consejería de igualdad, salud y políticas sociales (Junta de Andalucía).
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS G. Pocovi-Gerardino performed patients’ nutrition assessments, analyzed and interpreted the data, and wrote the manuscript. M. Correa-Rodríguez analyzed the data and performed statistical analyses. J.-L. Callejas-Rubio, R. Ríos-Fernández, M. Martín-Amada, and M.-G. Cruz-Caparros performed patient recruitment and clinical assessment. B. Rueda-Medina contributed to the conception, study design, and data interpretation and reviewed/edited manuscript. N. Ortego-Centeno contributed to the conception and study design and patient recruitment and reviewed/edited manuscript.
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© 2020 by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.
