Abstract
Background
The traditional Korean diet is relatively high in carbohydrate and low in fat and
protein compared with diets of non-Asian populations. In recent decades, the rapid
economic growth in Korea has led to lifestyle and dietary changes, with an increase
in the prevalence of dyslipidemia, a risk factor for chronic diseases.
Objective
To examine the association between a low carbohydrate diet (LCD) score and dyslipidemia
in Korean adults.
Design
The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey is an ongoing nationally
representative population-based cross-sectional survey that is conducted annually.
Participants/setting
A total of 12,199 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participants
aged ≥20 years from 2010 to 2016 were included in this study.
Main outcome measures
Individual components of dyslipidemia, such as hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia,
and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, were defined based on fasting
blood test results.
Statistical analyses
Participants were classified by sex into quintiles of LCD scores calculated using
1-day 24-hour dietary recall data. A multivariable logistic regression model was used
to examine the association between LCD score and each dyslipidemia component after
adjusting for potential confounders.
Results
A higher LCD score was significantly associated with higher odds of hypercholesterolemia
(odds ratio 1.36, 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.78; P for trend=0.031) and lower odds of low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels
(odds ratio 0.72, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.94; P for trend=0.002) in women. However, in men, higher LCD scores were significantly
associated with lower odds of hypertriglyceridemia (odds ratio 0.70, 95% CI 0.52 to
0.95; P for trend=0.012). More specifically, animal-based LCD scores were negatively associated
with the odds of hypertriglyceridemia (odds ratio 0.65, 95% CI 0.48 to 0.87; P for trend=0.010) in men.
Conclusions
These results suggest that the complicated and integrated effects of macronutrient
composition on individual lipid components should be considered for preventing dyslipidemia
in Korean adults.
Keywords
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Biography
S.-A. Kim is a post-doctoral researcher, Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
Biography
S. Shin is an assistant professor, Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
Biography
K. Lim is an associated professor, Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
Article info
Publication history
Published online: July 23, 2019
Accepted:
May 15,
2019
Received:
September 14,
2018
Footnotes
STATEMENT OF POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
FUNDING/SUPPORT This research was supported by the Chung-Ang University Research Grants in 2017.
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS S.-A. Kim analyzed the data and drafted the manuscript. S. Shin designed and supervised the study and reviewed and edited the manuscript. K. Lim reviewed and edited the manuscript. All of the authors approved the final version of the manuscript for publication.
Identification
Copyright
© 2019 by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.
