Abstract
Background
Fruit consumption is known to be beneficial to health. However, the health benefits
of fruit juice are controversial due to its high sugar content.
Objectives
To examine the associations of frequency of consumption of whole fruit and fruit juice
with obesity and metabolic syndrome.
Design
This cross-sectional study used data from the 2012-2015 Korea National Health and
Nutrition Examination Survey.
Participants
A total of 10,460 adults (4,082 men and 6,378 women) aged 19 to 64 years were included
in the study.
Main outcome measures
Frequency of consumption of whole fruit and fruit juice was evaluated using a food
frequency questionnaire, and dietary sugar intake was calculated using a 24-hour recall.
Obesity and abdominal obesity were determined using body mass index and waist circumference,
respectively. Metabolic syndrome was defined on the basis of the National Cholesterol
Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III.
Statistical analyses performed
Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the associations between
frequency of whole fruit or fruit juice consumption and obesity and metabolic syndrome
abnormalities.
Results
The percentage of participants who consumed whole fruit daily was 32.6%, whereas 52.3%
consumed fruit juice rarely. The average intake of total sugars was 14.9% of total
energy, which was within the recommend range (<20% of total energy) for Koreans. Consuming
whole fruit ≥1 time/day was associated with reduced prevalence of obesity, abdominal
obesity, and elevated blood pressure compared with consuming whole fruit ≤1 time/wk.
However, frequency of fruit juice consumption showed no association with obesity,
abdominal obesity, and metabolic syndrome.
Conclusions
Frequency of whole fruit consumption was associated with reduced prevalence of obesity
and metabolic syndrome abnormalities among Korean adults with average total sugar
intake within the recommended range.
Keywords
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Biography
A. Choi is a master's student, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Biography
K. Ha is a doctoral student, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Biography
H. Joung is a professor, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Biography
Y. Song is an associate professor, Major of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Human Ecology, The Catholic University of Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
Article info
Publication history
Published online: June 28, 2019
Accepted:
April 19,
2019
Received:
June 27,
2018
Footnotes
Supplementary materials: Tables 1 and 6 are available at www.jandonline.org
STATEMENT OF POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
FUNDING/SUPPORT This study was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean Government (NRF-2017R1A2B1008420).
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS A. Choi analyzed all the data. A. Choi and Y. Song wrote the first draft. K. Ha and H. Joung critically revised the manuscript and provided essential comments. Y. Song supervised all the work and had primary responsibility for the final content. All authors reviewed and commented on subsequent drafts of the manuscript.
Identification
Copyright
© 2019 by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.
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