Abstract
Background
Chronic inflammation is associated with obesity, morbidity, and mortality in postmenopausal
women.
Objective
The objective of this pilot study was to determine preliminary feasibility and efficacy
of a dietary intervention to improve diet quality and lower inflammation.
Design
The study had a single-arm, pre- and posttest design.
Participants/setting
Fourteen postmenopausal women (body mass index >30 [calculated as kg/m2]) from the greater Columbus, OH, area participated between August 2015 and April 2016.
Intervention
This was a 12-week individualized dietary intervention targeting lower consumption
of added sugars and increased fiber and fatty fish.
Main outcome measures
Primary outcomes of this analysis were serum tumor necrosis factor α receptor-2 (TNFαR-2),
interleukin-6 (IL-6), and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP); other outcomes
included intake of targeted food components and Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010)
scores calculated from food frequency questionnaires at baseline, end of intervention
(week 12 [WK12]), and 24-week (WK24) follow-up.
Statistical analyses performed
Repeated measures analysis of variance and partial Pearson correlations, respectively,
were used to assess changes in outcomes and associations between dietary variables
and inflammatory markers, controlling for percent weight change.
Results
Mean levels of TNFαR-2 decreased pre- to postintervention (P<0.01) and remained reduced at WK24 (P<0.001). Mean intake of added sugars and n-3-rich fish improved from baseline to WK12
and remained better at WK24 (all P<0.001); mean fiber intake did not change significantly (P=0.66; baseline to WK24). Mean HEI-2010 score increased (P<0.001; baseline to WK12). Change in HEI-2010 score inversely correlated with change
in TNFαR-2 (P<0.05; baseline to WK24). Change in added sugars directly correlated with change in
TNFαR-2 (P<0.05; baseline to WK24), but inversely correlated with change in hsCRP (P<0.05; baseline to WK12, and WK12 to WK24). All participants lost weight by WK12 (P<0.001).
Conclusions
These pilot intervention findings suggest that improving diet quality is associated
with decreases in TNFαR-2.
Keywords
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Biography
K. Arnold is a nutritionist, Columbus, OH; at time of the study, she was a graduate student, Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus.
Biography
K. R. Weinhold is a research coordinator, Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus.
Biography
T. S. Orchard is an assistant professor, Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus.
Biography
R. Andridge is an associate professor at the Division of Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus.
Biography
K. Johnson is a registered dietitian nutritionist, West Des Moines, IA; at the time of the study, she was a graduate student, Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus.
Article info
Publication history
Published online: August 20, 2018
Accepted:
May 15,
2018
Received:
November 2,
2017
Footnotes
STATEMENT OF POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
FUNDING/SUPPORT This work was supported by the Department of Human Sciences and the Center for Clinical and Translational Science (CCTS) at The Ohio State University. The project described was supported by Award Number Grant UL1TR001070 from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences or the National Institutes of Health.
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS K. Arnold and T. S. Orchard designed the intervention. K. Arnold delivered the intervention. K. Arnold and K. Johnson collected data and analyzed samples. K. Arnold, K. R. Weinhold, and R. Andridge analyzed data. K. Arnold, T. S. Orchard, and K. R. Weinhold wrote the first draft of the manuscript. All authors reviewed and edited the manuscript.
Identification
Copyright
© 2018 by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.
