Abstract
Prevalence of obesity, an established risk factor for many cancers, has increased
dramatically over the past 50 years in the United States and across the globe. Relative
to normoweight cancer patients, obese cancer patients often have poorer prognoses,
resistance to chemotherapies, and are more likely to develop distant metastases. Recent
progress on elucidating the mechanisms underlying the obesity−cancer connection suggests
that obesity exerts pleomorphic effects on pathways related to tumor development and
progression and, thus, there are multiple opportunities for primary prevention and
treatment of obesity-related cancers. Obesity-associated alterations, including systemic
metabolism, adipose inflammation, growth factor signaling, and angiogenesis, are emerging
as primary drivers of obesity-associated cancer development and progression. These
obesity-associated host factors interact with the intrinsic molecular characteristics
of cancer cells, facilitating several of the hallmarks of cancer. Each is considered
in the context of potential preventive and therapeutic strategies to reduce the burden
of obesity-related cancers. In addition, this review focuses on emerging mechanisms
behind the obesity−cancer link, as well as relevant dietary interventions, including
calorie restriction, intermittent fasting, low-fat diet, and ketogenic diet, that
are being implemented in preclinical and clinical trials, with the ultimate goal of
reducing incidence and progression of obesity-related cancers.
Keywords
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Biography
L. A. Smith is a graduate student, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Biography
C. H. O’Flanagan is a postdoctoral fellow, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Biography
L. W. Bowers is a postdoctoral fellow, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Biography
E. H. Allott is a research assistant professor, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Biography
S. D. Hursting is a professor, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Article info
Publication history
Published online: March 22, 2018
Accepted:
August 17,
2017
Received:
June 1,
2017
Footnotes
STATEMENT OF POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
FUNDING/SUPPORT Stephen D. Hursting is supported by grants from the Breast Cancer Research Foundation (BCRF 16-075, Stephen D. Hursting as Principal Investigator) and National Cancer Institute/National Institutes of Health (R35 CA197627; Stephen D. Hursting as Principal Investigator). Emma H. Allott is funded by a Marilyn Gentry Fellowship from the American Institute for Cancer Research. Laura W. Bowers is supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Cancer Control Education Program (R25 CA057726) at the University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center.
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© 2018 by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.
