Abstract
Background
The high level of obesity in Latino children, especially in farmworker families, may
be partly attributed to feeding styles of parents. Feeding styles used in Latino farmworker
families have not been well characterized.
Objective
This study sought to identify and describe feeding styles used by mothers in farmworker
families with 2.5- to 3.5-year-old children, describe how styles change over time,
and characterize the relationship of feeding styles to dietary outcomes and measures
of overweight and obesity.
Design
This was a longitudinal cohort study, with families participating for a 2-year period;
surveys were administered to mothers with varying frequency depending on the instrument,
and dietary measurements were collected at baseline and 12 and 24 months.
Participants/setting
Eligible participants were self-identified Latino women with a co-resident child aged
2.5 to 3.5 years old and at least one household member engaged in farm work during
the previous year. The sample included 248 farmworker families enrolled between 2011
and 2012 in the Niños Sanos study, a longitudinal investigation of Latino mothers
and their young children in rural North Carolina. Eleven families provided incomplete
dietary data, so the analysis included 237 families. Fifteen families were lost to
follow-up and 12 withdrew during the course of the study.
Main outcome measures
Feeding style was assessed using items from the Caregiver’s Feeding Style Questionnaire,
selected dietary components were assessed using the Revised Children’s Diet Quality
Index, and weight outcomes were determined using body mass index-for-age percentile.
Performance on the Caregiver’s Feeding Style Questionnaire items was used to assign
mothers to one of four feeding style states.
Statistical analyses performed
Exploratory factor analysis was conducted on baseline data to verify the replicability
of the factor structure of the instrument Caregiver’s Feeding Style Questionnaire.
Hidden Markov Model analysis was used to delineate different subtypes of feeding style.
Multivariable mixed-effects regression models were used to assess the impact of feeding
style on selected dietary components, energy intake, and body mass index-for-age percentile.
Results
Four distinct states emerged from the Hidden Markov Model: low parent-centered (PC)/moderate
child-centered (CC) feeding style (28% at baseline), high PC/CC without physical control
(24%), high PC/CC (26%), and moderate PC/CC (22%). The low PC/moderate CC state increased
in prevalence over time. Compared to high PC/CC, the low PC/moderate CC state was
associated with greater intake of added sugars (P<0.01), lower intake of whole grains and vegetables (P<0.01), and lower overall diet quality (P<0.05). Children in low PC/moderate CC also had higher mean body mass index percentiles
(76.2 percentile vs 66.7 percentile in high PC/CC; P<0.001).
Conclusions
High PC feeding along with high CC feeding is associated with improved diet quality
and weight outcomes for children in the study.
Keywords
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Biography
E. H. Ip is a professor, Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.
Biography
S. A. Marshall is a research associate, Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.
Biography
T. A. Arcury is a professor and vice chair for research, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.
Biography
G. Trejo is a project manager, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.
Biography
J. A. Skelton is an associate professor, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.
Biography
S. A. Quandt is a professor, Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.
Biography
C. K. Suerken is a senior biostatistician, Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; at the time of the study, she was a biostatistician III, Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.
Article info
Publication history
Published online: September 29, 2017
Accepted:
July 27,
2017
Received:
November 10,
2016
Footnotes
STATEMENT OF POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
FUNDING/SUPPORT This research was supported by grant R01HD059855 from the National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, grant 1R01HL101066 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, UL1TR001420 from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, grant P30DK056350 from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, and grant SES-1229549 from the National Science Foundation.
Identification
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© 2018 by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.
