Abstract
Background
The study of dietary patterns is gaining interest. Although the health benefits of
yogurt and lignans have been investigated separately, to our knowledge there are no
studies on their associative effects.
Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate a possible association between yogurt and lignans
using biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk in an elderly population.
Design
We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the association between baseline dietary
information and cardiovascular risk parameters using food frequency questionnaires.
Participants
We enrolled 7,169 Spanish participants of the PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea)
study (elderly men and women at high cardiovascular risk) from June 2003 to June 2009.
Main outcome measures
Cardiovascular risk parameters, including cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, body
mass index, weight, waist circumference, and blood pressure were measured.
Statistical analysis
General linear models were used to assess the relationship between categorical variables
(yogurt, total dairy intake, lignans, and yogurt plus lignans) and cardiovascular
risk parameters.
Results
The consumption of either yogurt or lignans seems to have beneficial effects on human
health, but the consumption of both showed greater improvement in some cardiovascular
health parameters. Indeed, participants with a higher consumption of both yogurt and
lignans showed lower total cholesterol (estimated β-coefficients=−6.18; P=0.001) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (β=−4.92; P=0.005). In contrast, participants with lower yogurt and lignan consumption had a
higher body mass index (β=0.28; P=0.007) and weight (β=1.20; P=0.008).
Conclusions
High lignan and yogurt consumption is associated with a better cardiovascular risk
parameters profile in an elderly Mediterranean population. Further research is warranted
to determine the mechanisms and consequences of this potential effect.
Keywords
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Biography
A. Creus-Cuadros is a doctoral student of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy Department, XaRTA, INSA, Pharmacy School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Biography
A. Tresserra-Rimbau is a postdoctoral researcher, Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy Department, XaRTA, INSA, Pharmacy School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and a member of Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Biography
P. Quifer-Rada is a doctoral student of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy Department, XaRTA, INSA, Pharmacy School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and a member of CIBERObn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Biography
M. A. Martínez-González is a professor, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Navarra, Spain; and a member of Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Government of Spain.
Biography
D. Corella is a professor, Department of Epidemiology, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; and a member of CIBERObn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Biography
J. Salas-Salvadó is a professor of nutrition and food science, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain; a member of the Scientific Committee of the Spanish Food Safety and Nutrition Agency, an organization that depends on the Spanish Ministry of Health, Social Policy and Equality; chairman of the Spanish Federation of Nutrition, Diet and Dietetic Societies; and a member of CIBERObn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Biography
M. Fitó is a postdoctoral researcher, Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain; and a member of CIBERObn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Biography
R. Estruch is a medical doctor and postdoctoral researcher, Cardiology, Internal Medicine (General Medicine), Nutrition and Dietetics, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and a member of CIBERObn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Biography
E. Gómez-Gracia is an associate professor, Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain; and a member of CIBERObn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Biography
J. Lapetra is an associate professor, Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Sevilla, San Pablo Health Center, Sevilla, Spain; and a member of CIBERObn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Biography
F. Arós is a medical doctor and postdoctoral researcher, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Txagorritxu, Vitoria, Spain; and a member of CIBERObn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Biography
M. Fiol is a postdoctoral researcher, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; and a member of CIBERObn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Biography
E. Ros is a medical doctor and postdoctoral researcher, Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; and a member of CIBERObn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Biography
L. Serra-Majem is a medical doctor and postdoctoral researcher, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; and a member of CIBERObn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Biography
X. Pintó is a medical doctor and postdoctoral researcher, Lipid Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, FIPEC, Barcelona, Spain; and a member of CIBERObn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Biography
J. J. Moreno is a professor, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, INSA, University of Barcelona, Spain.
Biography
M. Ruiz-Canela is an assistant professor, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; and a member of CIBERObn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Biography
J. V. Sorli is a postdoctoral researcher, Department of Epidemiology, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; and a member of CIBERObn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Biography
J. Basora is a postdoctoral researcher, Human Nutrition Unit, School of Medicine, Institut d’Investigacions Sanitàries Pere i Virgili, University Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain; and member of CIBERObn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Biography
H. Schröder is a postdoctoral researcher, Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain; and member of CIBERObn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Biography
R. M. Lamuela-Raventós is an associate professor, Department of Nutrition and Food Science School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Spain; and member of CIBERObn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Article info
Publication history
Published online: December 29, 2016
Accepted:
November 8,
2016
Received:
May 17,
2016
Footnotes
Supplementary materials: Table 2 is available at www.andjrnl.org
STATEMENT OF POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST R. M. Lamuela-Raventos reports serving on the board of and receiving lecture fees from Research Foundation on Wine and Nutrition (FIVIN), receiving lecture fees from Cerveceros de España, and receiving lecture fees and travel support from PepsiCo. J Salas-Salvadó reports serving on the board of and receiving grant support through his institution from the International Nut and Dried Fruit Council, receiving consulting fees from Danone, and receiving grant support through his institution from Eroski and Nestlé. R. Estruch reports serving on the board of and receiving lecture fees from the FIVIN, serving on the boards of the Beer and Health Foundation and the European Foundation for Alcohol Research, receiving lecture fees from Cerveceros de España and Sanofi-Aventis, and receiving grant support through his institution from Novartis. F. Arós reports receiving payment for the development of educational presentations from Menarini and AstraZeneca. X. Pintó reports serving on the board of and receiving grant support through his institution from the Residual Risk Reduction Initiative (R3i) Foundation; serving on the board of Omegafort; serving on the board of and receiving payment for the development of educational presentations, as well as grant support through his institution, from Ferrer; receiving consulting fees from Abbott Laboratories; receiving lecture fees, as well as grant support through his institution, from Merck and Roche; receiving lecture fees from Danone and Esteve; receiving payment for the development of educational presentations from Menarini; and receiving grant support through his institution from Sanofi-Aventis, Kowa, Unilever, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Karo Bio. Sponsor’s role: The funding sources played no role in study design; collection, analysis, or interpretation of data; writing of the manuscript; or the decision to submit for publication. No potential conflict of interest was reported by the other authors.
FUNDING/SUPPORT The authors would like to express their gratitude for financial support from Instituto Danone, CICYT (AGL2013-49083-C3-1-R) from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitively, Generalitat de Catalunya (GC) 2014 SGR 773, and CIBEROBN from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III. The funding sources played no role in the study design, the collection, analysis, or interpretation of data, the writing of the manuscript; or the decision to submit for publication.
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