Abstract
Background
Obtaining valid and reliable estimates of usual dietary intake at a reasonable cost
is a challenge in school-based nutrition research. The Automated Self-Administered
24-Hour Dietary Recall for Children, 2014 version (ASA24 Kids-2014), a self-administered,
computerized 24-hour dietary recall, offers improved feasibility over traditional
interviewer-administered 24-hour recalls.
Objective
This mixed-methods study examined ASA24 Kids-2014′s validity for measuring dietary
intake from National School Lunch Program lunches.
Participants/setting
After 24% attrition, 96 middle-school students from three urban schools in eastern
Pennsylvania participated in the study. A subsample of 27 participants completed qualitative
interviews. Data were collected in the spring of 2014.
Main outcome measures
Self-reported ASA24 Kids-2014 data were compared to direct observations of school
lunch, which served as the criterion measure. Dependent variables included eight meal
components selected from the National School Lunch Program guidelines (fruit, vegetables,
grains, protein-rich foods, dairy, oils, solid fats, and added sugars). A supplemental
interview collected qualitative data regarding students' perceptions of content and
substantive validity.
Statistical analyses
The Wilcoxon signed rank test and Spearman's ρ examined criterion-related validity;
qualitative content analysis examined content and substantive validity.
Results
Participants inaccurately recalled food items eaten at lunch, as 58% of foods were
reported in error. However, among foods recalled correctly, no statistically significant
differences emerged for estimates of portions consumed for six meal components (fruit,
vegetables, grains, protein-rich foods, oils, and added sugars). In addition, statistically
significant positive correlations emerged between ASA24 Kids-2014 and direct observation
for all estimates. Qualitative data identified students' interest and motivation,
comprehension, memory, and English-language fluency as relevant sources of error.
Conclusions
Middle school students have difficulty recalling food items eaten at school lunch;
however, they are somewhat successful at estimating intake of accurately recalled
foods using ASA24 Kids-2014. Like many self-administered computerized recalls, it
remains limited by substantial error. Findings have implications for the development
of ASA24 Kids-2014 among diverse youth in urban school settings.
Keywords
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Biography
C. F. Krehbiel is a part-time lecturer, Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA; at the time of the study, she was a doctoral candidate, Psychology Program, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA.
Biography
G. J. DuPaul is a professor, School Psychology Program, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA.
Biography
J. A. Hoffman is an associate professor, Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA.
Article info
Publication history
Published online: December 21, 2016
Accepted:
October 25,
2016
Received:
February 22,
2016
Footnotes
STATEMENT OF POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
FUNDING/SUPPORT There is no funding to disclose.
Identification
Copyright
© 2017 by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.
