Abstract
Background
Diet and obesity influence prostate cancer risk and progression–effects that may be
mediated through the gut microbiome.
Objective
Our aim was to explore relationships among diet, gut microbes, and Gleason sum in
overweight and obese prostate cancer patients enrolled in a presurgical weight-loss
trial.
Design
Randomized controlled trial (NCT01886677) secondary analysis.
Participants/setting
In 2013-2014, 40 prostate cancer patients in the southeastern United States were randomized
and allocated equally to weight-loss and wait-list control arms while they awaited
prostatectomy; stool samples were collected on a subset of 22 patients.
Intervention
Registered dietitian nutritionists and exercise physiologists provided semi-weekly
in-person and telephone-based guidance on calorie-restricted diets and exercise to
promote an approximate weight loss of 0.91 kg/wk.
Main outcome measures
Baseline and follow-up 24-hour dietary recalls were conducted and analyzed (using
the Automated Self-Administered 24-hour dietary recall system; National Cancer Institute,
Bethesda, MD) for macronutrients, micronutrients, and food groups. Microbiome analysis
targeting the V4 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene was performed on fecal samples.
Biopsy Gleason sum data were accessed from diagnostic pathology reports.
Statistical analyses performed
Associations between dietary factors and operational taxonomic units were determined
by β-diversity analysis. Wilcoxon signed rank, and Mann-Whitney U testing assessed
within- and between-arm differences. Associations between Gleason sum and operational
taxonomic units, and diet and operational taxonomic units, were analyzed using Spearman
correlations.
Results
At baseline, Proteobacteria (median 0.06, interquartile range 0.01 to 0.16) were abundant,
with four orders positively associated with Gleason sum. Gleason sum was associated
with Clostridium (ρ=.579; P=0.005) and Blautia (ρ=−0.425, P=0.049). Increased red meat consumption from baseline was associated with Prevotella (ρ=−.497; P=0.018) and Blautia (ρ=.422; P=0.039). Men who increased poultry intake had decreased Clostridiales abundance (P=0.009).
Conclusions
This hypothesis-generating study provides a starting point for investigating the relationships
between the fecal microbiome, diet, and prostate cancer. Adequately powered studies
are required to further explore and validate these findings.
Keywords
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Biography
A. D. Frugé is a postdoctoral fellow in the Cancer Prevention and Control Training Program, Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham.
Biography
Y. Tsuruta is a project coordinator, Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham.
Biography
M. Azrad is a postdoctoral fellow, Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham.
Biography
W. Demark-Wahnefried is a professor and Webb Endowed Chair, Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham.
Biography
T. Ptacek is a postdoctoral fellow, Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham.
Biography
C. D. Morrow is a professor, Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham.
Biography
G. R. Hunter is a professor, Department of Human Studies, University of Alabama at Birmingham.
Biography
R. A. Desmond is an associate professor, Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine.
Biography
S. Rais-Bahrami is an assistant professor, Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine.
Article info
Publication history
Published online: December 15, 2016
Accepted:
October 14,
2016
Received:
March 21,
2016
Footnotes
Supplementary materials: Figures 1 and 2 are available at www.jandonline.org
STATEMENT OF POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
FUNDING/SUPPORT This study was supported by the National Cancer Institute R21 (CA161263), P30 (CA13148), and R25 (CA047888). The following are acknowledged for their support of the Microbiome Resource at the University of Alabama at Birmingham: School of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center (P30AR050948), Center for AIDS Research (5P30AI027767), Center for Clinical Translational Science (UL1TR000165, UL1TR001417), and Heflin Center.
ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT01886677.
Identification
Copyright
© 2018 by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.
