Abstract
Background
Understanding the relationship between high-calorie beverage consumption and weight
gain requires an accurate report of dietary intake. A critical need exists to develop
and test the psychometrics of brief quantitative tools for minority pediatric populations.
Objective
To modify the adult beverage intake questionnaire (BEVQ-15) for Hispanic preschool-aged
children (BEVQ-PS) and test its validity and test–retest reliability in children aged
3 to 5 years.
Design
Cross-sectional. The modified quantitative 12-beverage category questionnaire assessed
consumption of water, fruit juice, sweetened juice drinks, whole milk, reduced-fat
milk, low-fat milk, flavored milk, carbonated sweetened drinks, diet carbonated drinks,
sweet tea, tea with or without artificial sweetener, and sport drinks consumed during
the past month. Hispanic mothers (n=109) recruited from day-care centers provided
one 4-day food intake record (FIR) and completed two BEVQ-PS surveys during a 2-week
period for their preschool-aged child. Data collection was conducted through one-on-one
interviews in Spanish. Validity was assessed by comparing amounts (in grams) and energy
intake (in kilocalories) for each beverage category between the first BEVQ-PS and
the mean of the FIRs using paired t tests and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Criteria for validity were nonsignificant
mean differences in grams and kilocalories from the first BEVQ-PS and mean of the
FIRs beverage categories, and significant correlation coefficients between beverage
categories. Test–retest reliability was assessed by comparing grams and kilocalories
for each beverage category in the first BEVQ-PS with those from the second BEVQ-PS
using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The criterion for reliability was a significant
correlation coefficient between beverage categories. Significance was set at P<0.05.
Results
Mean differences between the first BEVQ-PS and FIR for water (42.4±23.1 g), sweetened
juice drinks (–1.6±11.0 g), whole milk (18.3±9.91 g), sweetened carbonated drinks
(–13.0±7.9 g), and total sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) (1.4±8.9 g) were not significantly
different, but were significantly correlated (r=0.20 to 0.37; P<0.05). Thus, validity criteria were met. With the exception of flavored milk and
tea with or without artificial sweeteners, the remaining beverage categories—total
beverages and SSB—in the first BEVQ-PS were correlated with those from the second
BEVQ-PS (r=0.20 to 0.68; P<0.05), meeting reliability criteria.
Conclusions
Researchers and clinicians may use the BEVQ-PS to assess SSB, water, and whole-milk
intake in Hispanic children. Additional modifications should be evaluated to assess
total beverage intake.
Keywords
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Biography
K. R. Lora is an adjunct professor, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City.
Biography
M. P. Anderson is an assistant professor, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City.
Biography
B Davy is a professor, Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg.
Biography
V. Hedrick is an assistant professor, Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg.
Biography
A. M. Ferris is a professor emerita, Center for Public Health and Health Policy, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington.
Biography
D. Wakefield is a research associate, Center for Public Health and Health Policy, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington.
Article info
Publication history
Published online: August 21, 2016
Accepted:
June 24,
2016
Received:
January 5,
2016
Footnotes
STATEMENT OF POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
FUNDING/SUPPORT This study was supported by a College of Allied Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Faculty Seed Grant. The study sponsor did not have a role in the study design, collection and analysis of data, interpretation of findings, or manuscript writing.
Identification
Copyright
© 2016 by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.
