Abstract
Background
A majority of Americans consume beverages and discretionary foods—foods that are typically
low in nutrient value but high in sugar, sodium, fats, and cholesterol—as part of
their daily diet, which profoundly impacts their energy balance and nutritional status.
Objective
This study examined consumption of different types of beverages in relation to discretionary
food intake and diet quality among US adults.
Methods
Nationally representative sample of 22,513 adults from the National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey 2003 to 2012 waves were analyzed. The discretionary food category
identifies energy-dense, nutrient-poor food products that do not necessarily provide
essential nutrients that the human body needs, but can add variety. First-difference
estimator addressed confounding bias from time-invariant unobservables (eg, eating
habits, taste preferences) by using within-individual variations in diet and beverage
consumption between 2 nonconsecutive 24-hour dietary recalls.
Results
Approximately 21.7%, 42.9%, 52.8%, 26.3%, and 22.2% of study participants consumed
diet beverage, sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB), coffee, tea, and alcohol, respectively,
and 90.1% consumed discretionary foods on any given day. Across beverage types, alcohol
(384.8 kcal) and SSB (226.2 kcal) consumption was associated with the largest increase
in daily total calorie intake; coffee (60.7 kcal) and diet-beverage (48.8 kcal) consumption
was associated with the largest increase in daily calorie intake from discretionary
foods, and SSB consumption was associated with the largest reduction in daily overall
diet quality measured by the Healthy Eating Index 2010. The impact of beverage consumption
on daily calorie intake (overall and from discretionary foods) and diet quality differed
across individual sociodemographics and body-weight status. The incremental daily
calorie intake from discretionary foods associated with diet-beverage consumption
was highest in obese adults, and that associated with SSB was highest in normal-weight
adults.
Conclusions
Interventions to promote healthy eating should assess beverage consumption in the
context of overall dietary behavior.
Keywords
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Biography
R. An is an assistant professor, Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Article info
Publication history
Published online: September 11, 2015
Accepted:
August 4,
2015
Received:
January 26,
2015
Footnotes
STATEMENT OF POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.
FUNDING/SUPPORT There is no funding to disclose.
Identification
Copyright
© 2016 Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
