Abstract
Background
Previous studies have shown an increase in serum carotenoid status among children
when fed carotenoids. This study looked at the effect and dose–response of a known
amount of carotenoid consumption on change in skin carotenoid status among children.
Methods
Participants were children aged 5 to 17 years from Cache County, UT (n=58). Children
were randomly assigned to one of three groups: high (n=18) or low (n=18) dose of a
carotenoid-rich juice (2.75 mg carotenoids/30 mL juice), or placebo juice (n=22).
Children were asked to drink an assigned dose of the juice (30 to 120 mL/day) based
on the weight of the child and group assignment, every day for 8 weeks. Skin carotenoids
were measured every 2 weeks by resonance Raman spectroscopy. Participants were asked
to maintain their usual diet throughout the study. Usual diet was assessed using three
averaged 24-hour recalls; diet constancy was measured using food frequency questionnaires
administered at baseline, Week 4, and Week 8. Repeated measures analysis of variance
was used to assess the group differences in skin carotenoid status over time.
Results
The high-dose and low-dose groups had mean±standard deviation increases in skin carotenoid
status of 11,515±1,134 and 10,009±1,439 Raman intensity counts, respectively (both
P values <0.001, for change in means compared with baseline) at Week 8, although they
showed significant change from baseline by Week 2. The placebo group’s change of 985
Raman intensity counts was not statistically significant. The difference in change
between the 2 experimental groups was not significant at Week 2, 4, 6, or 8.
Conclusions
Consumption of 30 to 120 mL (2.75 to 11 mg carotenoids) of a carotenoid-rich juice
significantly increased skin carotenoid status over an 8-week period among children
aged 5 to 17 years. The amount of carotenoids found in this amount of juice is equal
to the amount found in approximately 23 to 92 g cooked carrots per day.
Keywords
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Biography
S. S. Aguilar is a senior research dietitian, Center for Human Nutrition Studies, Utah State University, Logan.
Biography
H. J. Wengreen is an associate professor, Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences, Utah State University, Logan.
Biography
J. Dew is an associate professor, Family, Child, and Human Development, Utah State University, Logan.
Article info
Publication history
Published online: August 05, 2015
Accepted:
June 5,
2015
Received:
December 23,
2014
Footnotes
STATEMENT OF POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST NuSkin, LLC, provided the active and placebo juice for the study. After the conclusion of this study, S. S. Aguilar was a study coordinator for an unrelated study funded by NuSkin.
FUNDING/SUPPORT This study was funded through the Center for Human Nutrition Studies at Utah State University.
Identification
Copyright
© 2015 Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
