Abstract
Background
The Mediterranean-style dietary pattern has been associated with several cardiometabolic
benefits, yet no study has assessed the potential benefits of this diet in adults
with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).
Objective
The objective of the present study was to examine the association between cardiometabolic
profile and alignment of the diet with 1) Canadian nutrient recommendations for T1DM
in terms of fat, protein, carbohydrate, saturated fat, dietary fiber, and sodium and
2) a Mediterranean-style dietary pattern among adults with T1DM.
Design/participants/setting
This is a cross-sectional analysis including 118 adults with T1DM recruited between
2011 and 2013 in Montreal, Canada.
Statistical analyses
Body mass index (calculated as kg/m2), waist circumference, truncal fat percentage (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry),
blood pressure, and lipid profile values were measured. Insulin sensitivity was estimated
(estimated glucose disposal rate). A 3-day food record was completed and physical
activity was measured with a motion sensor. Differences for the cardiometabolic profile
between groups with a diet meeting the Canadian nutrient recommendations for T1DM
(percentage of energy from fat, protein, carbohydrate, saturated fat, as well as grams
of dietary fiber and milligrams of sodium) or not were examined with general linear
models. A Mediterranean diet score was calculated (range=0 to 44) and Pearson correlations
between this score and cardiometabolic variables were computed. Significance was set
at P≤0.05.
Results
Participants’ mean±standard deviation age was 44.3±12.3 years, glycated hemoglobin
was 8.0%±1.1%, and Mediterranean diet score was 20.2±5.0. Having a diet that meets
at least three nutritional recommendations was associated with a lower truncal fat
percentage (28.0% vs 32.2%; P=0.01) only. In contrast, the Mediterranean diet score was inversely correlated with
body mass index (r=−0.30, P=0.002), waist circumference (r=−0.31, P=0.002), truncal fat percentage (r=−0.38, P<0.001), systolic (r=−0.20, P=0.03) and diastolic blood pressure (r=−0.23, P=0.01), and was directly correlated with estimated glucose disposal rate (r=0.22, P=0.03), after adjustments for energy intake, sex, and age. The association with estimated
glucose disposal rate was no longer significant (P=0.055) after adjustment for physical activity level.
Conclusions
These results suggest that a higher Mediterranean diet score in the context of T1DM
is associated with a favorable cardiometabolic profile. Further research is needed
to confirm these findings.
Keywords
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Biography
V. Gingras is a doctoral student, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Department of Nutrition, University of Montreal, Québec, Canada.
Biography
C. Leroux is a research assistant, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Department of Nutrition, University of Montreal, Québec, Canada.
Biography
K. Desjardins is a research assistant, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Department of Nutrition, University of Montreal, Québec, Canada.
Biography
V. Savard is a master's student, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Department of Nutrition, University of Montreal, Québec, Canada.
Biography
R. Rabasa-Lhoret is an endocrinologist and full professor, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Department of Nutrition, University of Montreal, Québec, Canada.
Biography
I. Strychar is a full professor and an invited researcher, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Department of Nutrition, University of Montreal, Québec, Canada.
Biography
S. Lemieux is full professor, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada.
Article info
Publication history
Published online: June 04, 2015
Accepted:
April 10,
2015
Received:
May 13,
2014
Footnotes
STATEMENT OF POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
FUNDING/SUPPORT This work represents secondary analysis of a cohort study funded by a grant from Diabète Québec, as well as the J. A. deSève chair. V. Gingras and R. Rabasa-Lhoret are research scholars of FRQ-S (Fonds de Recherche du Québec en Santé).
Identification
Copyright
© 2015 Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
