Abstract
When measurement of resting metabolic rate (RMR) by indirect calorimetry is necessary,
following evidence-based protocols will ensure the individual has achieved a resting
state. The purpose of this project was to update the best practices for measuring
RMR by indirect calorimetry in healthy and non–critically ill adults and children
found the Evidence Analysis Library of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. The
Evidence Analysis process described by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics was
followed. The Ovid database was searched for papers published between 2003 and 2012
using key words identified by the work group and research consultants, studies used
in the previous project were also considered (1980 to 2003), and references were hand
searched. The work group worked in pairs to assign papers to specific questions; however,
the work group developed evidence summaries, conclusion statements, and recommendations
as a group. Only 43 papers were included to answer 21 questions about the best practices
to ensure an individual is at rest when measuring RMR in the non–critically ill population.
In summary, subjects should be fasted for at least 7 hours and rest for 30 minutes
in a thermoneutral, quiet, and dimly lit room in the supine position before the test,
without doing any activities, including fidgeting, reading, or listening to music.
RMR can be measured at any time of the day as long as resting conditions are met.
The duration of the effects of nicotine and caffeine and other stimulants is unknown,
but lasts longer than 140 minutes and 240 minutes, respectively. The duration of the
effects of various types of exercise on RMR is unknown. Recommendations for achieving
steady state, preferred gas-collection devices, and use of respiratory quotient to
detect measurement errors are also given. Of the 21 conclusions statements developed
in this systemic review, only 5 received a grade I or II. One limitation is the low
number of studies available to address the questions and most of the included studies
had small sample sizes and were conducted in healthy adults. More research on how
to conduct an indirect calorimetry measurement in healthy adults and children and
in sick, but not critically ill, individuals is needed.
Keywords
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Biography
S. Fullmer is a teaching professor, Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT.
Biography
S. Benson-Davies is a nutrition consultant/adjunct faculty, Department of Health and Nutritional Science, South Dakota State University, Whitewood.
Biography
C. P. Earthman is an associate professor, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota−Twin Cities, St Paul.
Biography
D. C. Frankenfield is chief clinical dietitian, Penn State’s Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA.
Biography
E. Gradwell is an independent contractor and lead analyst, Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Arvada, CO.
Biography
P. S. P. Lee is a Kowloon East Cluster Hospitals department manager and senior dietitian, Dietetic Department, United Christian Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
Biography
T. Piemonte is an independent consultant and project manager, Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, St Petersburg, FL.
Biography
J. Trabulsi is an assistant professor, Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, University of Delaware, Newark.
Article info
Publication history
Published online: May 30, 2015
Accepted:
April 1,
2015
Received:
December 23,
2014
Footnotes
Supplementary materials: Figure 2 is available online at www.andjrnl.org
STATEMENT OF POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
FUNDING/SUPPORT This project was funded by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Evidence Analysis Library.
Identification
Copyright
© 2015 Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
