Abstract
Background
Adherence to unhealthy dietary patterns may alter the risk of mental disorders during
pregnancy and the postpartum period.
Objective
To analyze the association between prepregnancy dietary patterns and prospective variations
on anxiety symptoms from midpregnancy to early postpartum.
Methods
A prospective cohort of 207 healthy pregnant women was followed at 5 to 13, 20 to
26, and 30 to 36 gestational weeks, and once at 30 to 45 days postpartum. The State-Trait
Anxiety Inventory was used to evaluate anxiety symptoms at the second and third gestational
trimesters and during the postpartum period. Dietary intake was assessed using a food
frequency questionnaire administered during the first trimester of pregnancy that
referred to the 6 months before pregnancy. Principal components analysis was used
to identify dietary patterns and three prepregnancy dietary patterns were identified:
common-Brazilian, healthy, and processed. Three longitudinal mixed-effect models were
estimated to verify the association between dietary patterns and anxiety symptoms,
adjusted for confounding variables.
Results
The mean anxiety symptom scores were 40.4, 40.5, and 37.2 for the second trimester,
third trimester, and postpartum, respectively. The rate of variation of the State-Trait
Anxiety Inventory score was 0.535 (95% CI –0.035 to 1.107; P=0.066) and –0.010 (95% CI –0.018 to –0.002; P=0.019) when accounting for gestational age and quadratic gestational age, respectively.
The common-Brazilian pattern, comprised mainly of rice and beans (β=–1.200, 95% CI
–2.220 to –0.181; P=0.021), and the healthy pattern comprised mostly of vegetables, fruits, fish, and
tea (β=–1.290, 95% CI –2.438 to –0.134; P=0.029), were negatively associated with prospective changes in anxiety symptoms.
Conclusions
High adherence to the common-Brazilian or healthy patterns was negatively associated
with higher anxiety symptom scores from mid-pregnancy to early postpartum in this
group of Brazilian women.
Keywords
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Biography
A. A. F. Vilela is a doctoral student, Department of Social and Applied Nutrition, Nutritional Epidemiology Observatory, and Graduate Program in Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Biography
C. Benaim is a master's degree student, Department of Social and Applied Nutrition, Nutritional Epidemiology Observatory, and Graduate Program in Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Biography
J. Lepsch is a doctoral student, Department of Social and Applied Nutrition, Nutritional Epidemiology Observatory, and Graduate Program in Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Biography
G. Kac is a professor, Department of Social and Applied Nutrition, Nutritional Epidemiology Observatory, and Graduate Program in Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Biography
T. J. P. Pinto is a doctoral student, National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Nutritional Epidemiology Observatory, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Biography
F. Rebelo is a doctoral student, National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Nutritional Epidemiology Observatory, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Biography
C. H. D. Silva is an undergraduate student, Department of Social and Applied Nutrition, Nutritional Epidemiology Observatory, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Biography
M. B. T. Castro is a professor, Department of Social and Applied Nutrition, Nutritional Epidemiology Observatory, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Article info
Publication history
Published online: March 11, 2015
Accepted:
January 16,
2015
Received:
May 8,
2014
Footnotes
STATEMENT OF POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
FUNDING/SUPPORT This study was funded by Carlos Chagas Filho Research Foundation from the State of Rio de Janeiro (grant no. E-26/110.681/2012), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, and the Brazilian Coordination Body for the Training of University Level Personnel.
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Copyright
© 2015 Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
