Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate dietary changes during and after a dietary treatment
shown to result in significant and sustained weight loss among lactating overweight
and obese women. This is crucial before clinical implementation. Data were collected
from the LEVA (in Swedish: Livsstil för Effektiv Viktminskning under Amning [Lifestyle
for Effective Weight Loss During Lactation]) randomized controlled factorial trial
with a 12-week intervention and a 1-year follow up. At 10 to 14 weeks postpartum,
68 lactating Swedish women with a prepregnancy body mass index (calculated as kg/m2) of 25 to 35 were randomized to structured dietary treatment, physical exercise treatment,
combined treatment, or usual care (controls) for a 12-week intervention, with a 1-year
follow-up. Dietary intake was assessed with 4-day weighed dietary records. Recruitment
took place between 2007 and 2010. The main outcome measures were changes in macro-
and micronutrient intake from baseline to 12 weeks and 1 year. Main and interaction
effects of the treatments were analyzed by a 2×2 factorial approach using a General
Linear Model adjusted for relevant covariates (baseline intake and estimated underreporting).
It was found that at baseline, the women had an intake of fat and sucrose above, and
an intake of total carbohydrates and fiber below, recommended levels. At 12 weeks
and 1 year, the dietary treatment led to reduced intake of energy (P<0.001 and P=0.005, respectively), fat (both P values <0.001), and sucrose (P<0.001 and P=0.050). At 12 weeks, total carbohydrates were reduced (P<0.001). A majority of women in all groups reported low intakes of vitamin D, folate,
and/or iron. In conclusion, a novel dietary treatment led to reduced intake of fat
and carbohydrates. Diet composition changed to decreased proportions of fat and sucrose,
and increased proportions of complex carbohydrates, protein and fiber. Weight loss
through dietary treatment was achieved with a diet in line with macronutrient recommendations.
Keywords
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Biography
F. Bertz is a dietitian, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Biography
A. Winkvist is a professor, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Biography
H. K. Brekke is a clinical nutritionist, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Article info
Publication history
Published online: August 01, 2014
Accepted:
May 28,
2014
Footnotes
ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT01343238.
STATEMENT OF POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
FUNDING/SUPPORT The Swedish Research Council (Project grant: K2009-70X-21091-01-3). Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research (Project grant: 2006-0339).
ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT01343238.
Identification
Copyright
© 2015 Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
