Abstract
The objective of this cohort study was to explore relationships among the home food
environment (HFE), child/parent characteristics, diet quality, and measured weight
status among 699 child-parent pairs from King County, WA, and San Diego County, CA.
HFE variables included parenting style/feeding practices, food rules, frequency of
eating out, home food availability, and parents’ perceptions of food costs. Child
dietary intake was measured by 3-day recall and diet quality indicators included fruits
and vegetables, sweet/savory snacks, high-calorie beverages, and Dietary Approaches
to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score. Individual linear regression models were run in
which child BMI z score and child diet quality indicators were dependent variables and HFE variables
and child/parent characteristics were independent variables of interest. Fruit and
vegetable consumption was associated with parental encouragement/modeling (β=.68,
P<0.001) and unhealthful food availability (−0.27, P<0.05); DASH score with food availability (healthful: 1.3, P<0.01; unhealthful: −2.25, P<0.001), food rules (0.45, P<0.01), and permissive feeding style (−1.04, P<0.05); high-calorie beverages with permissive feeding style (0.14, P<0.01) and unhealthful food availability (0.21, P<0.001); and sweet/savory snacks with healthful food availability (0.26, P<0.05; unexpectedly positive). Children's BMI z score was positively associated with parent's use of food restriction (0.21, P<0.001), permissive feeding style (0.16, P<0.05), and concern for healthy food costs (0.10, P<0.01), but negatively with verbal encouragement/modeling (−0.17, P<0.05), and pressure to eat (−0.34, P<0.001). Various HFE factors associated with parenting around eating and food availability
are related to child diet quality and weight status. These factors should be considered
when designing interventions for improving child health.
Keywords
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Biography
S. C. Couch is a professor, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.
Biography
K. Glanz is George A. Weiss Professor and a professor of epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine and Nursing, Philadelphia.
Biography
C. Zhou is a research associate professor, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle.
Biography
B. E. Saelens is a professor of pediatrics, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle.
Biography
J. F. Sallis is a distinguished professor of family and preventive medicine, and chief, Division of Behavioral Medicine, University of California, San Diego.
Article info
Publication history
Published online: July 23, 2014
Accepted:
May 14,
2014
Footnotes
STATEMENT OF POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
FUNDING/SUPPORT This work was supported by National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (R01 ES014240) and US Department of Agriculture grant no. 2006-04623.
Supplementary materials: Table 1 is available at www.andjrnl.org
Identification
Copyright
© 2014 Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
