Abstract
Background
Poor vitamin D status can increase age-related muscle mass loss. However, existing
prospective evidence is limited and controversial.
Objective
This study aimed to investigate the association of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]
with muscle mass loss in middle-aged and elderly Chinese individuals over 6 years.
Design
We conducted a prospective cohort study.
Participants/setting
This community-based study included 568 men and women aged 50 to 70 years at baseline.
Main outcomes measures
Baseline plasma concentrations of 25(OH)D and biomarkers of liver and kidney functions
and inflammation were measured. Body composition was assessed at baseline and 6-year
follow-up by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM)
and trunk lean mass were calculated and total body lean mass was defined as an overall
measure of total nonfat and nonbone tissues.
Statistical analyses performed
Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression were applied.
Results
The 6-year loss of ASMM was 1.14 kg (5.3%) in men and 0.47 kg (3.1%) in women (all
P values <0.001). Compared with the highest 25(OH)D tertile, participants in the lowest
tertile had significantly more absolute loss of ASMM (−1.21 vs −1.00 kg; P for trend=0.024) after multivariate adjustments for conventional confounders, as
well as protein intake. The association persisted after additional adjustment of bone
mineral density and inflammatory markers (P for trend=0.017). No significant associations were detected between 25(OH)D and absolute
loss of trunk lean mass or total body lean mass.
Conclusions
Lower 25(OH)D concentrations were prospectively associated with greater ASMM loss
in middle-aged and elderly Chinese individuals independent of bone mineral density,
inflammation, diet, and other risk factors.
Keywords
To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and DieteticsAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
- Sarcopenia, weight loss, and nutritional frailty in the elderly.Annu Rev Nutr. 2002; 22: 309-323
- Vitamin D status in relation to one-year risk of recurrent falling in older men and women.J Clin Endocr Metab. 2006; 91: 2980-2985
- Mortality associated with body fat, fat-free mass and body mass index among 60-year-old Swedish men—A 22-year follow-up. The study of men born in 1913.Int J Obesity. 2000; 24: 33-37
- Low relative skeletal muscle mass (sarcopenia) in older persons is associated with functional impairment and physical disability.J Am Geriatr Soc. 2002; 50: 889-896
- Aging decreases the capacity of human skin to produce vitamin D3.J Clin Invest. 1985; 76: 1536-1538
- Serum 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D is inversely associated with body mass index.Eur J Nutr. 2008; 47: 87-91
- Not all elderly people benefit from vitamin D supplementation with respect to physical function: Results from the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study, Hong Kong.J Am Geriatr Soc. 2012; 60: 290-295
- Aging and vitamin D.Clin Calcium. 2006; 16: 1122-1127
- Vitamin D deficiency.N Engl J Med. 2007; 357: 266-281
- A glimpse of vitamin D status in Mainland China.Nutrition. 2013; 29: 953-957
- Prevalence and impact of vitamin D insufficiency in southern Chinese adults.Ann Nutr Metab. 2007; 51: 59-64
- Muscle strength in the elderly: Its relation to vitamin D metabolites.Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1999; 80: 54-58
- Vitamin D: The other steroid hormone for muscle function and strength.Menopause. 2009; 16: 1077-1078
- Vitamin D deficiency is associated with sarcopenia in older Koreans, regardless of obesity: The Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES IV) 2009.J Clin Endocr Metab. 2011; 96: 3250-3256
- Additive association of vitamin D insufficiency and sarcopenia with low femoral bone mineral density in noninstitutionalized elderly population: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2009-2010.Osteoporos Int. 2013; 24: 2789-2799
- Association between visceral obesity and sarcopenia and vitamin D deficiency in older Koreans: The Ansan Geriatric Study.J Am Geriatr Soc. 2012; 60: 700-706
- A prospective study of the associations between 25-hydroxyvitamin D, sarcopenia progression and physical activity in older adults.Clin Endocrinol. 2010; 73: 581-587
- Low vitamin D and high parathyroid hormone levels as determinants of loss of muscle strength and muscle mass (sarcopenia): The Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam.J Clin Endocr Metab. 2003; 88: 5766-5772
- Dietary protein intake is associated with lean mass change in older, community-dwelling adults: The Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study.Am J Clin Nutr. 2008; 87: 150-155
- Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and metabolic syndrome among middle-aged and elderly Chinese individuals.Diabetes Care. 2009; 32: 1278-1283
- Inflammatory markers and loss of muscle mass (sarcopenia) and strength.Am J Med. 2006; 119: 526.e9-526.e17
- Vitamin D and bone mineral density.Osteoporos Int. 1998; 8: 110-114
- Relation between body size and bone mineral density in elderly men and women.Am J Epidemiol. 1993; 138: 160-169
- Associated loss of fat-free mass and bone mineral density in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004; 170: 1286-1293
- Distributions of C-reactive protein and its association with metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and older Chinese people.J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007; 49: 1798-1805
- Associations of erythrocyte fatty acids in the de novo lipogenesis pathway with risk of metabolic syndrome in a cohort study of middle-aged and older Chinese.Am J Clin Nutr. 2013; 98: 319-326
- Independent and opposite associations of trunk and leg fat depots with adipokines, inflammatory markers, and metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and older Chinese men and women.J Clin Endocr Metab. 2010; 95: 4389-4398
- The use of food-frequency questionnaires for various purposes in China.Public Health Nutr. 2002; 5: 829-833
- China Food Composition Table 2004 (Book 2). Peking University Medical Press, Beijing, China2005
- Adjustment for total energy intake in epidemiologic studies.Am J Clin Nutr. 1997; 65: S1220-S1228
- Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline.J Clin Endocr Metab. 2011; 96: 3908
- Relationships of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D to bone mineral density and serum parathyroid hormone and markers of bone turnover in older persons.J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009; 94: 1244-1250
- Body size, body composition and fat distribution: Comparative analysis of European, Maori, Pacific Island and Asian Indian adults.Br J Nutr. 2009; 102: 632-641
- Vitamin D metabolism is altered in Asian Indians in the southern United States: A clinical research center study.J Clin Endocr Metab. 1998; 83: 169-173
- Racial differences in the association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration with coronary heart disease events.JAMA. 2013; 310: 179-188
- Associations of type 2 diabetes with common variants in PPARD and the modifying effect of vitamin D among middle-aged and elderly Chinese.PLoS One. 2012; 7: e34895
- The role of the liver in the metabolism of vitamin D.J Clin Invest. 1969; 48: 1273-1279
- The kidney as an endocrine organ involved in the function of vitamin D.Am J Med. 1975; 58: 39-47
- Decreased bioavailability of vitamin D in obesity.Am J Clin Nutr. 2000; 72: 690-693
- Hormonal and lifestyle determinants of appendicular skeletal muscle mass in men: The MINOS study.Am J Clin Nutr. 2004; 80: 496-503
- Inflamm-aging. An evolutionary perspective on immunosenescence.Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2000; 908: 244-254
- Aging and proinflammatory cytokines.Curr Opin Hematol. 2001; 8: 131-136
- Relationship of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha with muscle mass and muscle strength in elderly men and women: The Health ABC Study.J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2002; 57: 326-332
- Higher inflammatory marker levels in older persons: Associations with 5-year change in muscle mass and muscle strength.J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2009; 64: 1183-1189
- Interleukin-6 induces skeletal muscle protein breakdown in rats.Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1994; 205: 182-185
- Tumor necrosis factor induces skeletal muscle protein breakdown in rats.Am J Physiol. 1991; 260: 727-730
- Vitamin D supplementation enhances the beneficial effects of weight loss on cardiovascular disease risk markers.Am J Clin Nutr. 2009; 89: 1321-1327
- Vitamin D supplementation improves cytokine profiles in patients with congestive heart failure: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.Am J Clin Nutr. 2006; 83: 754-759
- Vitamin D and its role in skeletal muscle.Calcif Tissue Int. 2013; 92: 151-162
- Vitamin D receptor genotype is associated with fat-free mass and sarcopenia in elderly men.J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2004; 59: 10-15
- Vitamin D deficiency, hypocalcemia, and increased skeletal muscle degradation in rats.J Clin Invest. 1983; 72: 102-112
Biography
G. Liu is a doctoral candidate, Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Biography
L. Lu is a postdoctoral researcher, Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Biography
X. Ye is an associate professor, Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Biography
L. Sun is an associate professor, Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Biography
X. Liu is a doctoral student, Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Biography
G. Zong is a doctoral student, Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Biography
Q. Jin is a research fellow, Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Biography
H. Li is a professor, Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Biography
X. Lin is a professor, Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Biography
Q. Sun is an assistant professor, Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health and the Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
Article info
Publication history
Published online: July 16, 2014
Accepted:
May 14,
2014
Footnotes
STATEMENT OF POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
FUNDING/SUPPORT This study was supported by the National Basic Research (973) Program of China (2011CB504002), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30930081, 81202272, 81321062, 81200581, and 81170734), the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KSCX2-EW-R-10), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project (2011M500827), and the Knowledge Innovation Program of Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (2013KIP107); and the SA-SIBS Scholarship Program.
Supplementary materials: Tables 2 and 4 are available at www.andjrnl.org
Identification
Copyright
© 2014 Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
