Abstract
Our cross-sectional study assessed the associations between dietary patterns and cardiovascular
disease (CVD) risk factors among Nunavik Inuit. This study was conducted as part of
the 2004 Nunavik Inuit Health Survey, which included the collection of clinical measurements,
plasma samples, and diet information from a food frequency questionnaire. A sample
of 666 Inuit aged 18 years and older was included in our analyses. Dietary patterns
were generated by principal component analysis. Multivariate general linear models
adjusting for sex, age, waist circumference, and other potential confounders were
used to examine associations between dietary patterns and CVD risk factors. Four distinct
patterns were identified, namely the traditional, Western, nutrient-poor food, and
healthy patterns. The traditional pattern showed positive associations with plasma
total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, apolipoprotein B100,
LDL peak particle diameter, and oxidized LDL (all P values for trend≤0.04), but showed no association with the total cholesterol:high-density
lipoprotein cholesterol ratio or with inflammatory biomarkers (all P values for trend ≥0.19). The nutrient-poor food pattern was positively associated
with oxidized LDL (P=0.04), but inversely associated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (P<0.0001). The Western and healthy patterns showed no association with any CVD risk
factor. Our data show that high adherence to a traditional pattern among Nunavik Inuit
is not associated with important changes in CVD risk factors, with the exception of
a slight elevation in cholesterol concentrations, most likely attributable to increased
n-3 fatty acid intake. Dietary patterns reflecting the recent introduction of market
foods in the Inuit diet appear to exert a trivial influence on CVD risk factors.
Keywords
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Biography
M.-È. Labonté is a doctoral degree student, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, Canada.
Biography
B. Lamarche is a professor, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, Canada.
Biography
P. Couture is a professor, Department of Medicine, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, Canada.
Biography
É. Dewailly is a professor, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Laval University, Axis of Public Health and Optimal Practices in Health, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec (CHUQ), Québec, Canada.
Biography
M. Lucas is an associate professor, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Laval University, Axis of Public Health and Optimal Practices in Health, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec (CHUQ), Québec, Canada.
Biography
M.-L. Chateau-Degat is an adjunct professor, Family Emergency Medicine Department, Laval University, Hyperbaric Medicine Unit, and Gas Pharmacology Research Unit at Research Center of the Centre de santé et services sociaux Alphonse Desjardins/Centre hospitalier affilié universitaire de Lévis, Lévis, Québec, Canada, and a researcher, Axis of Public Health and Optimal Practices in Health, Centre de recherche du CHUQ, Québec, Canada.
Article info
Publication history
Published online: February 13, 2014
Accepted:
December 13,
2013
Footnotes
STATEMENT OF POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
Supplementary materials: Tables 1 and 4 and the Figure available at www.andjrnl.org
FUNDING/SUPPORT This study was supported by the Ministère de la santé et des services sociaux du Québec, the Nunavik Regional Board of Health and Social Services, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, the Northern Contaminant Program (Indian and Northern Development), the Fonds de recherche du Québec – Santé, and the ArcticNet network. The director of the Nunavik Regional Board of Health and Social Services participated in the design of the study and the collection of data. The other funding agencies played no role in the design and conduct of the study; the collection, analysis, and interpretation of the data; or in the preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript.
Identification
Copyright
© 2014 Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
