Abstract
Dietary patterns contribute to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Asian Indians have
earlier onset, more severe, and more prevalent CVD than many other racial/ethnic groups.
We aimed to characterize dietary patterns in Asian Indians living in the United States
and examine associations with cardiometabolic risk factors. One hundred fifty Asian
Indians, aged 45 to 84 years, without known CVD, living in the San Francisco Bay,
CA, area between August 2006 and October 2007 were enrolled into the Metabolic syndrome
and Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America study. A food frequency questionnaire
validated in Asian Indians, fasting blood samples, and computed tomography scans were
obtained for all participants. Principal component analysis with varimax rotation
was used to determine prevalent dietary patterns. Linear regression analyses were
performed for associations between dietary patterns and metabolic factors, adjusting
initially for age and sex, then additionally for BMI, income, education, metabolic
equivalent of task-minutes of exercise, alcohol consumption, and smoking. Two distinct
dietary patterns were identified that we termed “Western,” and “Vegetarian.” Compared
with the Western diet, the Vegetarian diet was associated with lower homeostasis model
of assessment-insulin resistance (−1.12 mmol/L×mU/L; P=0.05) and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (−4.77 mg/dL; P=0.09). Given that the Western and Vegetarian dietary patterns were each associated
with adverse metabolic changes, healthful diet choices may help Asian Indians improve
risk factors for CVD.
Keywords
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Biography
M. D. Gadgil is a postdoctoral fellow, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
Biography
C. A. M. Anderson is an associate professor, Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla.
Biography
N. R. Kandula is an assistant professor, Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.
Biography
A. M. Kanaya is a professor, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco.
Article info
Publication history
Published online: December 02, 2013
Accepted:
September 10,
2013
Footnotes
STATEMENT OF POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
FUNDING/SUPPORT M. D. Gadgil is supported by National Institutes of Health Training Grant no. T32HL007180. The MASALA study was funded by grant no. K23 HL080026-01, the University of California, San Francisco, Research Evaluation and Allocation Committee, and by National Institutes of Health/National Center for Research Resources University of California San Francisco-Clinical and Translational Science Institute grant no. UL1 RR024131-01. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute or the National Institutes of Health.
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© 2014 Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
