Abstract
Eating slowly contributes to a lower risk of obesity, probably because it could aid
appetite control. Chewing thoroughly is an effective strategy to reduce eating rate;
however, insufficient data are available to demonstrate the relationship between such
an eating behavior and energy intake. To investigate the effect of increasing the
number of chews before swallowing on meal size, a randomized cross-over trial was
conducted in 18- to 45-year-old normal-weight, overweight, and obese participants
(n=45) who were recruited from the local community (Ames, IA). After assessment of
baseline number of chews, participants were asked to attend three test sessions to
eat pizza for lunch until comfortably full by chewing each portion of food either
100%, 150%, or 200% of their baseline number of chews before swallowing. Two-way analysis
of variance was used to test the effect of treatment and body-weight status, as well
as their interactions on food intake, meal duration, eating rate, and appetite at
meal termination. Appetite data during 60 minutes were analyzed by repeated measures
analysis of variance. Food intake in the sessions with 150% and 200% of their baseline
number of chews was reduced significantly, by 9.5% and 14.8%, respectively, compared
with the 100% session. Increasing the number of chews also prolonged meal duration
and reduced eating rate. However, subjective appetite at meal termination or during
the immediate postprandial period did not differ. These data indicate that increasing
the number of chews before swallowing might be a behavioral strategy to reduce food
intake and potentially aid body-weight management.
Keywords
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Biography
Y. Zhu is a postdoctoral research scholar at Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City; at the time of the study, he was a doctoral student, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames.
Biography
J. H. Hollis is an assistant professor, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames.
Article info
Publication history
Published online: November 09, 2013
Accepted:
August 13,
2013
Footnotes
STATEMENT OF POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
FUNDING/SUPPORT The study was funded by Iowa State University.
Identification
Copyright
© 2014 Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
