Abstract
Background
The consumption of non-ready-to-eat cereal and ready-to-eat cereal (RTEC) breakfasts
have been associated with increased nutrient intakes and lower body mass index (BMI).
These relationships have not been examined in low-income minority children.
Objectives
To evaluate, in low-income minority children, whether there is a relationship among
the frequency of RTEC consumption and nutrient intakes measured at baseline, and whether
there is a relationship between the frequency of RTEC and BMI controlling for age,
sex, ethnicity, and energy intake.
Design
A longitudinal study design where a cohort was followed for 3 years.
Subjects/setting
Participants were 625 fourth- through sixth-grade, low-income children living in San
Antonio, Texas, and enrolled in the control arm of the Bienestar Diabetes Prevention
Program's cluster randomized trial. Three multiple-pass 24-hour dietary recalls were
collected at the beginning of their fourth-grade year and at the end of their fifth-
and sixth-grade years. Children's age, sex, ethnicity, and height and weight (used
to calculate BMI) were collected between August 2001 and May 2004.
Statistical analyses performed
Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed. The frequency of
breakfast consumption was examined using a 6×4 cross-tabulation table with χ2 test to establish categorical differences. The degree of association between BMI
percentile and frequency of RTEC consumption adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, and
nutrition-related parameters were calculated using a partial correlation multivariate
linear model analysis.
Results
There was a significant positive relationship between the frequency of RTEC consumption
and nutrient intakes measured at baseline. There was also a significant inverse relationship
between frequency of RTEC consumption and BMI percentile over the cumulative 3-year
period controlling for age, sex, ethnicity, and energy intake.
Conclusions
Children who frequently consumed RTEC had greater intakes of essential nutrients at
baseline and significantly lower BMI over a 3-year period.
Keywords
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Biography
L. Balvin Frantzen is vice president, health and wellness, Dairy MAX, San Antonio, TX.
Biography
R. P. Treviño is director, Social and Health Research Center, San Antonio, TX.
Biography
R. M. Echon is director, evaluation and data management, Social and Health Research Center, San Antonio, TX.
Biography
O. Garcia-Dominic is assistant professor of Public Health Sciences, and Biobehavioral Health, College of Medicine, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA.
Biography
N. DiMarco is a professor, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, and director, Institute for Women's Health, Texas Woman's University, Denton.
Article info
Publication history
Published online: February 27, 2013
Accepted:
January 2,
2013
Available online 25 February 2013Footnotes
STATEMENT OF POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST Dr Frantzen is employed by Dairy MAX, a regional dairy council founded by American dairy farmers. This research was completed in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy in the graduate school of Texas Woman’s University. No potential conflicts of interest were reported by the other authors.
FUNDING/SUPPORT This work was completed with funding from The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases/National Institutes of Health (grant no. 1-R18-DK073094-01).
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© 2013 Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
