Abstract
During the past 30 years, rates of partial sleep deprivation and obesity have increased
in the United States. Evidence linking partial sleep deprivation, defined as sleeping
<6 hours per night, to energy imbalance is relevant to weight gain prevention and
weight loss promotion. With a majority of Americans overweight or obese, weight loss
is a recommended strategy for reducing comorbid conditions. Our purpose was to review
the literature regarding the role of partial sleep deprivation on energy balance and
weight regulation. An inverse relationship between obesity and sleep duration has
been demonstrated in cross-sectional and prospective studies. Several intervention
studies have tested mechanisms by which partial sleep deprivation affects energy balance.
Reduced sleep may disrupt appetitive hormone regulation, specifically increasing ghrelin
and decreasing leptin and, thereby, influence energy intake. Increased wakefulness
also may promote food intake episodes and energy imbalance. Energy expenditure may
not be greatly affected by partial sleep deprivation, although additional and more
accurate methods of measurements may be necessary to detect subtle changes in energy
expenditure. Body weight loss achieved by reduced energy intake and/or increased energy
expenditure combined with partial sleep deprivation may contribute to undesirable
body composition change with proportionately more fat-free soft tissue mass lost compared
with fat mass. Evaluating sleep patterns and recommending regular, sufficient sleep
for individuals striving to manage weight may be prudent.
Keywords
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Biography
J. D. Shlisky is a research assistant, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park.
Biography
T. J. Hartman is a professor and director, Diet Assessment Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park.
Biography
P. M. Kris-Etherton is a university distinguished professor, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park.
Biography
C. J. Rogers is an assistant professor and occupant of the Broadhurst Career Development Professorship for the Study of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park.
Biography
N. A. Sharkey is a professor, Department of Kinesiology, and associate dean of research and graduate education, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park.
Biography
S. M. Nickols-Richardson is a professor and professor-in-charge of the Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park.
Article info
Publication history
Published online: October 24, 2012
Accepted:
July 23,
2012
Footnotes
FUNDING/SUPPORT There is no funding to disclose.
STATEMENT OF POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST T. J. Hartman has a consulting agreement with the International Life Sciences Institute. P. M. Kris-Etherton serves on advisory boards for Abunda, the California Walnut Commission, Campbell Soup Company, MonaVie, and Unilever and discloses research funding from General Mills, Inc, and The Peanut Institute. S. M. Nickols-Richardson has received research funding from General Mills, Inc, The Hershey Company, and the Dairy Research Institute. No potential conflict of interest was reported by the other authors.
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© 2012 Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
