Research Review| Volume 112, ISSUE 11, P1785-1797, November 2012

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Partial Sleep Deprivation and Energy Balance in Adults: An Emerging Issue for Consideration by Dietetics Practitioners

Published:October 24, 2012DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2012.07.032

      Abstract

      During the past 30 years, rates of partial sleep deprivation and obesity have increased in the United States. Evidence linking partial sleep deprivation, defined as sleeping <6 hours per night, to energy imbalance is relevant to weight gain prevention and weight loss promotion. With a majority of Americans overweight or obese, weight loss is a recommended strategy for reducing comorbid conditions. Our purpose was to review the literature regarding the role of partial sleep deprivation on energy balance and weight regulation. An inverse relationship between obesity and sleep duration has been demonstrated in cross-sectional and prospective studies. Several intervention studies have tested mechanisms by which partial sleep deprivation affects energy balance. Reduced sleep may disrupt appetitive hormone regulation, specifically increasing ghrelin and decreasing leptin and, thereby, influence energy intake. Increased wakefulness also may promote food intake episodes and energy imbalance. Energy expenditure may not be greatly affected by partial sleep deprivation, although additional and more accurate methods of measurements may be necessary to detect subtle changes in energy expenditure. Body weight loss achieved by reduced energy intake and/or increased energy expenditure combined with partial sleep deprivation may contribute to undesirable body composition change with proportionately more fat-free soft tissue mass lost compared with fat mass. Evaluating sleep patterns and recommending regular, sufficient sleep for individuals striving to manage weight may be prudent.

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      Biography

      J. D. Shlisky is a research assistant, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park.

      Biography

      T. J. Hartman is a professor and director, Diet Assessment Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park.

      Biography

      P. M. Kris-Etherton is a university distinguished professor, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park.

      Biography

      C. J. Rogers is an assistant professor and occupant of the Broadhurst Career Development Professorship for the Study of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park.

      Biography

      N. A. Sharkey is a professor, Department of Kinesiology, and associate dean of research and graduate education, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park.

      Biography

      S. M. Nickols-Richardson is a professor and professor-in-charge of the Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park.