Abstract
Nutritious diets that include sufficient intake of fruits and vegetables promote health
and reduce risk for chronic diseases. The 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend
four to 13 servings of fruits and vegetables daily for energy intake levels of 1,000
to 3,200 kcal, including seven to 13 servings for 1,600 to 3,000 kcal/day as recommended
for adults aged ≥25 years. The 2006-2007 Washington Adult Health Survey, a cross-sectional
study designed to measure risk factors for cardiovascular disease among a representative
sample of Washington State residents aged ≥25 years, included a food frequency questionnaire
(FFQ). The FFQ included approximately 120 food items and summary questions for fruits
and vegetables that were used to compute energy intake and two measures of fruit and
vegetable intake. Measure 1 was computed as the sum of intake of individual FFQ fruit
and vegetable items; Measure 2 combined the summary questions with selected individual
FFQ fruit and vegetable items. Depending on the measure used, approximately 14% to
22% of 519 participants with complete information met the guidelines for fruits, 11%
to 15% for vegetables, and 5% to 6% for both fruits and vegetables. Participants aged
≥65 years and women were more likely to meet recommendations, compared with younger
participants and men. Despite decades of public health attention, the vast majority
of Washington State residents do not consume the recommended amount of fruits or vegetables
daily. These findings underscore the need for developing and evaluating new approaches
to promote fruit and vegetable consumption.
Keywords
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Biography
M.L. Ta is an epidemiologist in the Assessment, Policy Development, and Evaluation Unit, Public Health–Seattle and King County, Seattle, WA; at the time of the study, she was an Epidemic Intelligence Service officer assigned to the Washington State Department of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
Biography
J. VanEenwyk is the State Epidemiologist for Non-Infectious Conditions, Washington State Department of Health, Olympia
Biography
L. Bensley is an epidemiologist, Washington State Department of Health, Olympia
Article info
Publication history
Published online: April 25, 2012
Accepted:
November 22,
2011
Footnotes
STATEMENT OF POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
FUNDING/SUPPORT This study was funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Contract No. U50/CCU021339-05 and the Washington State Department of Health. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Identification
Copyright
© 2012 Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
