Abstract
There is little information on the contribution of modifiable vs nonmodifiable factors
to maternal and neonatal vitamin D status in temperate regions of the United States.
The purpose of this cross-sectional observation study conducted between December 2006
and February 2008 was to identify associations between observed and measured maternal
characteristics and vitamin D status at term in pregnant women and their infants in
a multiethnic community in Oakland, CA. Two hundred seventy-five pregnant women aged
18 to 45 years and carrying a singleton fetus were recruited and data from 210 mother-infant
pairs were included in analyses. Analysis of covariance identified predictors of maternal
and cord serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in a multivariate model considering vitamin
D intake, lifestyle factors, and skin pigmentation. Maternal serum 25(OH)D was significantly
associated with season of delivery (P=0.0002), average daily D intake (P=0.0008), right upper inner arm pigmentation (P=0.0035), and maternal pre- or early-pregnancy body mass index (calculated as kg/m2) (P=0.0207). The same factors were significant for cord serum 25(OH)D, which was highly
correlated with maternal serum 25(OH)D (r=0.79; P<0.0001). During the year, 54% of mothers and 90% of neonates had 25(OH)D <30 ng/mL
(<75 nmol/L). Of women taking daily prenatal vitamin/mineral supplements (400 IU vitamin
D), 50.7% had serum 25(OH)D <30 ng/mL (<75 nmol/L). In conclusion, 25(OH)D <30 ng/mL
(<75 nmol/L) was prevalent in mothers and neonates across racial groups and seasons,
and vitamin D status was associated with both modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors.
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Biography
D. K. Dror is a postdoctoral nutritionist, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Services, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA; at the time of the study, she was a graduate student researcher, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis.
Biography
J. C. King is a senior scientist, Children's Hospital and Research Center, Oakland, CA.
Biography
D. J. Durand is a neonatologist, Children's Hospital and Research Center, Oakland, CA.
Biography
L. H. Allen is director, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Services, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA.
Article info
Publication history
Accepted:
June 15,
2010
Identification
Copyright
© 2011 American Dietetic Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
