Abstract
Background
Little has been reported regarding food and nutrient intake in individuals diagnosed
with type 2 diabetes, and most reports have been based on findings in select groups
or individuals who self-reported having diabetes.
Objective
To describe the baseline food and nutrient intake of the Look AHEAD (Action for Health
in Diabetes) trial participants, compare participant intake to national guidelines,
and describe demographic and health characteristics associated with food group consumption.
Methods
The Look AHEAD trial is evaluating the effects of a lifestyle intervention (calorie
control and increased physical activity for weight loss) compared with diabetes support
and education on long-term cardiovascular and other health outcomes. Participants
are 45 to 75 years old, overweight or obese (body mass index [BMI]≥25), and have type
2 diabetes. In this cross-sectional analysis, baseline food consumption was assessed
by food frequency questionnaire from 2,757 participants between September 2000 and
December 2003.
Statistical analysis
Descriptive statistics were used to summarize intake by demographic characteristics.
Kruskal-Wallis tests assessed univariate effects of characteristics on consumption.
Multiple linear regression models assessed factors predictive of intake. Least square
estimates were based on final models, and logistic regression determined factors predictive
of recommended intake.
Results
Ninety-three percent of the participants exceeded the recommended percentage of calories
from fat, 85% exceeded the saturated fat recommendation, and 92% consumed too much
sodium. Also, fewer than half met the minimum recommended servings of fruit, vegetables,
dairy, and grains.
Conclusions
These participants with pre-existing diabetes did not meet recommended food and nutrition
guidelines. These overweight adults diagnosed with diabetes are exceeding recommended
intake of fat, saturated fats, and sodium, which may contribute to increasing their
risk of cardiovascular disease and other chronic diseases.
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Biography
M. Z. Vitolins is an associate professor, Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.
Biography
A. M. Anderson is a biostatistician, Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.
Biography
L. Delahanty is director of nutrition and behavioral research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.
Biography
H. Raynor is an assistant professor, Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville.
Biography
G. D. Miller is an assistant professor, Department of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC.
Biography
C. Mobley is associate dean of research and a professor, Department of Professional Studies, University of Nevada Las Vegas School of Dental Medicine, Las Vegas.
Biography
R. Reeves is an assistant professor, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
Biography
M. Yamamoto is an assistant professor, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
Biography
C. Champagne is a professor and chief, Nutrition Epidemiology/Dietary Assessment and Counseling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Dietary Assessment and Food Analysis Core, Baton Rouge, LA.
Biography
R. R. Wing is a professor, Brown University, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Providence, RI.
Biography
E. Mayer-Davis is a professor, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Article info
Publication history
Accepted:
March 6,
2009
Footnotes
Meets Learning Need Codes 3000, 3020, 3040, and 5190. To take the Continuing Professional Education quiz for this article, log in to ADA's Online Business Center at www.eatright.org/obc, click the “Journal Article Quiz” button, click “Additional Journal CPE Articles,” and select this article's title from a list of available quizzes.
Identification
Copyright
© 2009 American Dietetic Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
