Abstract
Background
Weight loss through dietary modification is key to type 2 diabetes self-management,
yet few nationally representative data exist on dietary trends among people with diabetes.
Objective
To examine dietary changes, via nutrient intakes, among US adults with diabetes between
1988 and 2004.
Design
Nutrition data from the cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination
Surveys (Phase I: 1988-1990 and Phase II: 1991-1994) and 1999-2004 of adults with
self-reported diabetes were examined. Twenty-four–hour dietary recall data were used
to assess changes in energy; carbohydrate; protein; total, saturated, polyunsaturated,
and monounsaturated fat; cholesterol; fiber; sodium; and alcohol intake.
Statistical analyses
Consumption of total energy and specific nutrients per day were estimated by survey,
controlled for age and sex, using multiple linear regression and adjusted means (with
standard errors).
Results
Between 1988 and 2004 there was no significant change in self-reported total energy
consumption among adults with self-reported diabetes (1,941 kcal/day in 1988-1990
to 2,109 kcal/day in 2003-2004, P for trend=0.22). However, there was a significant increase in the consumption of
carbohydrate (209 g/day in 1988-1990 to 241 g/day in 2003-2004; P for trend=0.02). In analyses stratified by age group, changes in dietary consumption
were noted among persons aged 45 to 64 years; specifically, increases in total energy
(1,770 to 2,100 kcal/day, P for trend =0.01) and carbohydrate consumption (195 to 234 g/day, P for trend=0.02).
Conclusions
Despite recommendations to lose weight, daily energy consumption by individuals with
diabetes showed no significant change, except in individuals aged 45 to 64 years,
where an increase was observed. Overall, there was an increase in carbohydrate consumption.
Emphasizing the equal importance of energy reduction and changes in dietary composition
for people with diabetes is important for optimal self-management.
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Biography
R. Oza-Frank is a graduate student, Nutrition and Health Sciences Program, Graduate Division of Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.
Biography
Y. J. Cheng is an epidemiologist, Division of Diabetes Translation, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
Biography
E. W. Gregg is an epidemiologist, Division of Diabetes Translation, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
Biography
K. M. V. Narayan is a professor, Nutrition and Health Sciences Program, Graduate Division of Biochemical and Biological Sciences, the Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, and the School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.
Article info
Publication history
Accepted:
December 19,
2008
Identification
Copyright
© 2009 American Dietetic Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
