Abstract
Objective
To compare concentrations of factor VII coagulant activity (factor VIIc), fibrinogen,
plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and blood lipids on a saturated fat-rich diet with
one rich in monounsaturated fat.
Design
Subjects were randomly allocated to two groups. The study design was an ABB/BAA extra-period
crossover. One group consumed a diet rich in saturated fatty acid (SFA) with fat making
up 20.8% of total energy, for 5 weeks and then one rich in monounsaturated fatty acid
(MUFA), with fat making up 20.3% of total energy for 10 weeks. The other group consumed
the MUFA diet for 5 weeks followed by the SFA diet for 10 weeks.
Subjects/setting
Men and women aged 35 to 69 years who were nonsmokers with no chronic illness and
not on any medication were recruited to participate. Eighteen subjects were recruited
and 15 (5 men, 10 women) completed the community-based study.
Intervention
Blood was sampled at the beginning and end point of each 5-week diet period for analysis
of coagulation and fibrinolysis factors and blood lipids. Subjects kept 3-day food
diaries twice during each of the three diet periods and were weighed on each visit
for blood collection. Analysis of plasma fatty acids was used to indicate dietary
compliance.
Main outcome measures
Differences in fasting factor VIIc, fibrinogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1,
insulin, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,
triglycerides, apolipoproteins A-1 and B, and plasma oleic acid levels while receiving
the SFA diet vs MUFA diet.
Statistical analysis
A general linear model allowing for the ABB/BAA extra-period crossover, was used for
each of the outcome measures.
Results
Factor VIIc was lower on the MUFA diet (P<.05) but fibrinogen and insulin concentrations and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1
activity did not differ between diets. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P<.001) and triglyceride (P<.01) levels were lower on the MUFA diet compared with the SFA diet. A significant
increase in both plasma phospholipid and neutral lipid oleic acid (P<.0001) occurred on the MUFA diet.
Conclusions
Substitution of foods rich in saturated fat with foods rich in high-oleic-acid sunflower
oil and margarine has favorable outcomes on blood lipids and factor VIIc. This oil
presents another useful source of MUFA for diets aimed at prevention of heart disease.
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Biography
M. A. Allman-Farinelli is a senior lecturer in the Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Biography
K. Gomes is completing a medical internship at Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, Sydney, Australia; at the time the study was completed, he was a research student in the Department of Biochemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Biography
E. J. Favaloro is a senior hospital scientist, in the Department of Diagnostic Hematology, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Westmead Hosptial, Westmead, Australia.
Biography
P. Petocz is an associate professor in the Department of Statistics, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Australia.
Article info
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Copyright
© 2005 American Dietetic Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
